Installation of reinforcement under the foundation

Each developer wants a building of any purpose to please with its long life. The foundation is responsible for the stability and reliability of the structure. Therefore, special attention is presented to its arrangement. The main components of the base are concrete and reinforcement. The last element plays an important role. After all, it is he who gives the concrete mixture the strength characteristics. Without the use of reinforcement, the house will begin to sag and roll. In the worst case, walls will be destroyed. The article will have how to correctly install the reinforcement under the foundation.

Content:

1. A variety of reinforcement for the foundation
   • Steel fittings for the foundation
   • Composite reinforcement for the foundation
   • Traditions or innovation
2. The diameter of the reinforcement
3. Calculation of reinforcement for the foundation
4. Reinforcement device for the foundation
5. Several useful tips
6. DIY reinforcement for the foundation. Stages of work

A variety of reinforcement for the foundation

Steel fittings for the foundation

• Traditionally, metal rods made of low -carbon steel are used to strengthen any type of foundation. This product of metal rolling is a product of a round section with a smooth or corrugated surface.
• In production, cold -rolled and hot -rolled technology is used. The last option just allows you to produce rods to form monolithic concrete structures.

Reinforcement for the foundation photo

• Metal products with a marking from A2 to A6 have a periodic profile. These rods are recommended for such works as the arrangement of the base in the construction of houses. Smooth rods are used only as auxiliary elements.
• The reinforcement perfectly withstands both longitudinal and transverse loads. Its location in the frame allows you to correctly distribute the strength of dynamic loads and prevent the appearance of cracks in the structure.

Composite reinforcement for the foundation

• A relatively new type of reinforcement for reinforcement of composite rods is presented on the market. Their use is not so common in the post -Soviet space than in the same way in the same America or Japan.

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• For the manufacture of rods, fiberglass or basalt fiber is used. The latter option is characterized by increased strength, but the cost of this reinforcement for the foundation cost is more expensive than a fiberglass analogue.
• Such products are suitable for stressed, unstressed and prestressed reinforcement of various structures. Products are released in bays or rods. They, like metal rolling products, can have a periodic and smooth profile.

Traditions or innovation

In order to decide on the choice between metal and composite products, you can compare their positive qualities and pay attention to the disadvantages.

The pluses of the installation of metal reinforcement for the foundation

• Elasticity. Such rods can be given any shape directly on the construction site.
• Possibility of welding work. It will not be difficult to build a frame for the specified sizes.
• Fire resistance. Products are not deformed and do not lose their initial characteristics even under the long -term exposure to open fire.
• Availability. It is easy to purchase metal products, regardless of the region of the country.

The pluses of composite rods

• Small weightwhich allows you to reduce the additional load on the foundation. Consequently, the transportation of products and loading and unloading is carried out without difficulty.

• Non -exposure to corrosion, alkalis, salts and acids.
• Low thermal conductivity, which means the absence of cold bridges.
• Long service life from 50 to 100 years.

Cons of metal rods

• The susceptibility of destruction from corrosion processes.
• Significant weight. In some cases, this factor is decisive.

Cons of composite rods

• A high elastic module. To create a curved element, you must contact the production workshop.
• Low fire resistance. Of course, this is not supporting combustion material, but under the influence of high temperatures the rod softens, which negatively affects the strength of the structure.

The choice between these materials remains with the developer. As for the reinforcement price for the foundation, the difference here is not significant. Given the cost of products, transportation, installation costs to save due to any type of reinforcement.

The diameter of the reinforcement

The required strength of the foundation is achieved due to the concrete brand and the correctly selected diameter of the rods. The most reliable, but also a more cost option will be products with the maximum possible diameter.

• Usually, rods with a thickness of 8-12 mm are selected for work. This indicator is enough to build buildings with a high degree of load. But if it is planned to arrange the base at a small depth, then such an excess of material is not justified.

• In calculations, you can be guided by the following proportion: the cross section of the reinforcement should be equal to 0.1% of the foundation area.
• One of the rational methods is the selection of the thickness of the reinforcement based on its location. For longitudinal location, products with a diameter of 10 mm are taken with a maximum length of 3 m. In this case, transverse rods can have a diameter of 6-8 mm.
• If you plan to use the fittings of a larger length, that is, over 3 m, then the recommended diameter will be 12 mm. Therefore, transversely located rods can be 8-10 mm thick.
• Regarding composite materials, it should be said that the diameter of fiberglass rods is an equal 6-8 mm is similar to the diameter of metal production in 8-12 mm, respectively. To replace steel rods with a thickness of 6-8 mm composite material, products with a diameter of 4-6 mm are taken.

Calculation of reinforcement for the foundation

In order not to suspend the construction when there is a lack of reinforcing material, and at the same time not to pay extra for the second delivery, it is necessary to draw the foundation scheme and calculate the number of rods.

For a visual example, take a house of 9 by 12 m with two load -bearing walls with a length of 9 and 6 m. The structure will be built on the basis of a strip type. As a rule, for such a scheme, a rod with a diameter of 12 mm is used. In the longitudinal location, 4 pieces are placed.

• First, the perimeter of the building is calculated: (9+12)*2 \u003d 216 (m).
• The length of the base under the bearing walls is added to the result: 216+9+6 \u003d 231 (m).
• The resulting length is multiplied by the number of rods: 231*4 \u003d 924 (m).
• If it is not possible to purchase the rods of the required length, then additional meters of reinforcement for dressing are taken into account, where the overlap should be at least 1 m.
• Suppose that the project provides for one connection on the longitudinal rods, then the number of reinforcing rods according to the scheme is multiplied by the number of walls. As a result, it should turn out: 4*6 \u003d 24 (m). The result adds to the previous value: 924+24 \u003d 948 (m).
• Now we calculate the smooth -bore reinforcement necessary for the transverse styling, where the width of the strip foundation will be 0.5 m. We take 0.3 m for a step between the crossbars.
• 231/0.3*0.5 \u003d 385 (m).
• It is quite difficult to take into account all scraps and overlaps in preliminary calculations. Therefore, experts recommend adding 10%to the final result.

Reinforcement device for the foundation

Without plunging deeply into the calculations and physical and technical characteristics of the materials used when erecting the foundation, the following can be said:

• concrete is highly resistant to compression, but with low tensile resistance, while at the same time, steel and composite products calmly withstand large tensile loads;
• the lower part of the base of the structure accepts the forces of stretching, and the upper load on compression. Thus, combining reinforcing elements and concrete, it is possible to achieve an optimal ratio of resistance to various types of exposure;

Based on the above theses, we can conclude that only the lower part of the base needs reinforcement. But, here, in addition to the loads produced by the walls of buildings and other structural elements, the effect on the stability of frosty soil flipping by the walls of the soil.

The angles require special attention. It is on these points that the maximum loads affect, so it is impossible to save on the material in any case.

Several useful tips

• Longitudinally located rods are taken with a diameter of 8-12 mm. The higher the perimeter of the standing building, the greater the diameter should be. For better adhesion with concrete mass, it is better to purchase products with a ribbed surface.
• The rods should not lie at the bottom of the trench, be located close to the surface (but not very deeply) or in contact with the walls of the formwork. They must be reliably hidden in the thickness of concrete.
• Crossily and vertically located products carry a lower load. In this connection, smooth products of smaller diameter (6-8 mm) are used for such work.

DIY reinforcement for the foundation. Stages of work

For this process, you need a minimum set:

• directly the reinforcement itself;
• knitting wire;
• knitting gun or pliers;
• time and patience.

Stages of work

• In the prepared formwork, the walls of which are reliably protected by waterproofing material, a layer of sand is filled up. The substrate is moistened and tamped. Pieces of broken brick or stone are laid on top of it. They will serve as a support for the rods and will not allow them to contact the bottom. The distance between the walls of the formwork and the reinforcing frame should be at least 5 cm.

• To achieve maximum strength and reliability of the structure, the rods of the maximum length are used. Thus, it will be possible to avoid a large number of compounds, and at the same time reduce the consumption of the material due to the lack of overlap.
• For a standard base, 4 longitudinal elements located in 2 rows (2 pieces from above and below) are enough with a width of no more than half a meter. Use of 3 or 4 products is relevant with a wider foundation or when erecting a house on a slightly excellent soil.
• The rods are driven in an upright position into the ground, the lower horizontal range of reinforcement is tied to them. Through a specially pistol, a bunch of elements is produced. The knitting hook will accelerate and facilitate the entire process of work. The number of turns is determined by experience in the end should be a tight knot.

• With a small amount of work, pliers are used commonly. The wire about 30 cm long is bent in half so that a loop forms on one side. Grasping the segment of the wire two binded bar, the second end of the wire is spreading into the eye. Then both ends with rotational movements are scrolled several times, tightening tightly into the knot. It is important not to overdo it and cut the wire at the connection point.
• The fastening of metal elements can be carried out by a welding machine. This method will allow them to quickly and reliably unite them into a single bunch. However, strength can play against. During frosts, the soil begins to walk and the foundation has to adapt to it.
• The wire just provides the necessary gap for stretching. In addition, before welded operations, make sure that the product of the metal rolling has labeling C. Other products will simply lose part of the strength at the connection points.
• After the lower horizontally located rods go to the upper row. It should be located 50-60 mm from the edge of the trench, regardless of the depth of the foundation.
• The angles are reinforced using G and P-shaped strengthening. You can’t just apply a double row of rods in such points. The angular adjacency should be as strong as possible, this can be achieved by adding additional transverse and vertical elements. The same rules are applied in the arrangement of T-shaped crossings (places of entry of internal supporting walls into the external capital walls).

The use of reinforcement in the construction of concrete structures is not new. However, it was better to come up with such technology to come up with bright minds. Wanting to protect the base of the house from destruction, do not neglect these work, extend the operation of the house for a longer period.

Reinforcement for the foundation of the video