DIY crushed stone seal

It is quite difficult to imagine any construction process without the use of crushed stone. It is used when creating the foundation, kneading concrete solution, forming garden paths, organizing landscape design, laying access roads and highways. The article will talk about the basics of sealing crushed stone.

Content:

The product of crushing rocks is used to arrange the so -called pillow, which performs the following functions:

alignment of the basis before further work;
giving hardness to slightly carrying soils;
protection of buildings from the negative effects of moisture;
increased resistance under high loads.

In any case, the quality of the crushed stone base directly depends on the physical and technical indicators of the material. It will not work to determine by the appearance of the appearance, they are indicated in accompanying documents, certificates.

A variety of crushed stone

This loose material is carried out by passing boulders through crushing equipment. At the output, a stone of various fractions is obtained from 0*5 to 40*70 mm. The size determines the scope of application. For domestic construction, mainly used crushed stone 5*20 and 20*40 mm.

The type of building material happens:

granite. It is characterized by high natural strength and the ability to withstand multidirectional loads;
limestone. In hardness, it is practically not inferior to granite rubble. However, it is much cheaper. Perfect for the construction of housing;
slag. Such material is obtained from the waste of metallurgical production. The cost is much lower than the above types of gravel. But due to harmful impurities in its composition, the scope is quite limited;

secondary. Crushed stone is made from construction waste (fragments of brick, asphalt or concrete). Of course, the secondary processing of the material is not distinguished by high indicators, and therefore it is not suitable for all types of work.

Before buying, you should turn to such a parameter as bream. A large percentage of the content of lambs of the plate shape significantly reduces the strength of the finished base in the construction of objects of any purpose. Therefore, the lower this parameter, the better.

The coefficient of crushed stone seal

With independent construction, everyone faced a problem such as a lack or excess material. The ability to calculate the required amount of an important aspect of any process. For household needs, average values \u200b\u200bare often used.

To calculate the volume, you need to know:

the required thickness of the pillow after tamping. Typically, this indicator is 0.2 or 0.25 m;
crushing of crushed stone with a tramp coefficient of seal 1.3. The parameter is true for most fractions compacted through mechanized tools;
the proportion of bulk material, which is indicated in the certificate. For ease of calculation, take a weight of 1.5 t/m. Cube characteristic of ordinary crushed stone.

So, knowing all the components of the equations, we calculate the material for 1 square meter of styling: 0.25x1.3x1.5 \u003d 0.4875 t.

As in any calculations, the result is rounded in a large way. So for backfilling 1 sq.m. The area of \u200b\u200bthe crushed stone layer with a thickness of 25 cm will need 490 kg. Well, calculate the volume for 10-20 square meters. m. It will already be much easier.

Why is the release of crushed stone

All newcomers in the construction business are asked about compaction. Indeed, in theory, the stone itself is strong and it is quite enough to smooth it out and you can proceed to the next stage of work. However, everything is not so simple.

Crushed stone is obtained by crushing, during which the edges of the grains acquire a free shape. When filling the material between each element, air voids are formed, reducing the resistance level under loads.
The tight fit of individual fragments reduces the risk of their walking. After all, after the seal of the soil with gravel, the voids disappear or significantly decrease in volumes. Thus, an additional supply of foundation is created.

As an exception, we can consider rocky soil, which serves as the basis for construction. In this case, it is quite enough to level the crushed stone embankment for subsequent work: laying tiles, pouring concrete mixture, etc.
In other conditions, gravel should not only lie on the ground, but be compacted, forming a single plane. The dense filling of the space between the grains of soil particles will give the necessary monolist.
The thickness of the compacted layer can be different from 50 to 250 mm. The coefficient of stock on the seal of crushed stone determines the subsequent load on the base (passing vehicles, pedestrians, weight of the building, etc.).
A separate line can be distinguished by the arrangement of the crushed stone base. The method consists in several stages of using gravel of different fractions. First, take large material and compacted, then pour smaller crushed stone and compacted again, fine layer is the last layer and the final rolling of the surface is carried out.

Crushed stone seal

In the absence of special vibrational equipment, people's craftsmen use the funds manufactured with their own hands. Of course, with such a seal, good physical preparation is needed. Manual tamping is relevant with small volumes of work.

There are many options for how to make a device. Of these, the bend of 100x100 mm is the most primitive. You can take wood with a large section, thus increasing the area covered for compaction.
The length of the beam is selected based on the convenience of use, more often the human chest is taken as a basis. The lower end of the tool is knocked out by a galvanized sheet. In the upper part, handles of wooden pegs or metal rods are mounted on both sides.
The method of work is quite simple. The beam rises by the handles to the maximum height and with force drops onto the crushed stone base. Multiple repetition of these movements in a certain direction will lead to the desired result.

If the stringing host has a metal head, then it is fixed to a thinner wooden basis, for example, a log. The device will become much lighter, which means that the tamping will go more fun.
A more durable design has a device made completely of metal (stand and sole). True, this material creates a large vibration, which the tree extinguishes perfectly. In this case, the output will be the use of special gloves.

Seal of crushed stone with vibration fuel

The use of vibration placers or vibrramboards is relevant for global volumes. Using the technique, the process of process is possible in hard -to -reach places and in areas located near the walls of the buildings.

The equipment is compact, reliable and mobile. Simple operation and high efficiency allow you to perform work with maximum quality in a short time. For household needs, vibro -plate weighing from 60 to 120 kg are used.
The principle of action is the vibration of the slab obtained at the expense of rotating eccentrics. Trom bus occurs by transmitting shock vibrations and energy from the supporting shoe to gravel.
The presence of shock absorbers allows you to extinguish mechanical vibrations that go to the upper part of the equipment, thus providing protection for both the engine and the operator. The equipment is equipped with a speed of speed switching, which makes it possible to adjust the power.

By the method of movement, single-bed and reversing (with reciprocal movements) of the device are distinguished. The latter option is characterized by increased functionality and effectiveness. With their help, tamping is carried out without cyclic movement along the treated surface.
The engine can operate both on liquid oil products (gasoline or diesel fuel) or by connecting to an electric network. Units with an electric motor have a small weight (up to 100 kg). They are widely used in work where high requirements for compaction of the material are not presented.
Such equipment can be purchased in specialized stores or by hand, as they say, used. The most profitable option is the rental of equipment that will cost much cheaper.
In any case, it is important to observe operating conditions that extend the service life and prevent failure. Before starting, you should carefully study the instructions for use, get acquainted with the safety rules.
Regularly on the lubrication of individual elements, cleaning the air filter, oil replacement will help maintain all the technical indicators of the equipment.

Alternative options for crushing

For these purposes, you can use home -made devices on the principle of action similar to mechanized equipment. Here you need an old metal trough, a pipe, sand and a welding machine.

A handle from a pipe segment is welded to the container under the inclination, and the reinforcement is fixed to the upper part. The bottom of the trough is advisable to additionally strengthen by welding a sheet of iron to it.
Having filled the device with sand, as a result, we get a universal manual device like an asphalt rink. The device is moved behind the handle in a given direction, and due to its considerable weight, the crushed stone will be compacted. In operation, it is quite simple, but it will require a certain dexterity and again physical strength.
The second method is relevant for the tamping of bulk material on a spacious platform, devoid of green spaces, gazebo, fence or other obstacles. The technology involves the availability of a car with which the crushed stone sand is compacted.
The gravel layer is distributed over the entire surface with a shovel or rake. Then we get behind the wheel and begin to methodically drive along the prepared site in various directions (along, across and diagonally) we will not get the required result yet.
If a track forms in the process, then a crushed stone is poured on this site, so a little material must be left under the backfill. Further, the tamping continues the above method. Of course, this method can not be called manual, but still the seal is carried out on its own without involving construction brigades or the acquisition of special equipment.
Construction control of crushed stone is important for any construction work, to carry it out for a checkmark, and even more so they should not be neglected. This gives reliability and stability to buildings or road surface, and also ensures safety during operation.
At the end of the work, the determination of the seal of crushed stone is carried out by a special device.

An analysis of the soil, the level of groundwater run should be carried out in advance. The quality of work depends on this information. Otherwise, even with the most effectively carried out compaction, one cannot be sure that in the future there will be no subsidence, which, in turn, will entail unpredictable consequences.

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