DIY

Are you not among those lucky ones whose plot is located on the shore of the lake or river?

However, you should not be sad. At any time, you can start building a pond with your own hands would have a desire and means. It is pointless to deny: this operation is laborious, troublesome, costly.

But what beauty can be obtained in the end !!!

Table of contents

1. Natural and artificial pond: main differences
2. Conditions for the construction of the pond in the country
3. Classification of artificial ponds
4. Pond construction technology
   1. Geodetic work
   2. Design work
   3. Excavation
   4. Waterproofing
   5. Finishing an artificial pond
   6. The formation of a pond bowl
5. Subtleties of operation and care

Natural and artificial pond: main differences

A natural reservoir is an open balanced biological system that can exist without a person’s participation for as long as you like:

• it itself is filled with water (rains, groundwater, bottom keys);
• the vegetation and microflora present in it independently contribute to this;
• without outside help, it supports the optimal balance of their inhabitants: fish, small animals, insects.

With a man -made pond, everything is much more complicated. After all, such a reservoir is an artificial hydraulic system. And it must be correctly equipped.

The construction and design of the pond (at all stages of the process) is obliged to obey one very important rule artificially modeled conditions should be as close as possible to natural ones.

• water should not seep into the ground;
• water should be regularly cleaned (using technical or chemicals);
• the system should establish a biological balance.

Conditions for the construction of the pond in the country

Do you think it is always allowed to create a pond on the site? After all, not only natural, but also an artificial reservoir affects the microclimate and the ecology of the area.

Situations when the construction of an artificial pond is not possible (or becomes extremely difficult), unfortunately, is not rare.

So, the list of conditions necessary for creating a water supply of conditions:

1. Sufficient area of \u200b\u200bthe site. You can not have a pond close to the house, as well as in the lowlands (in order to prevent the flow of rainwater in it, etc.).
2. Direct sunlight should illuminate the surface of the water for no more than four to six hours a day. Otherwise, the water will begin to bloom. There is no such place on your site? The shadow will have to be created artificially (for example, having planted shrubs or trees).
3. You should not dig a pond directly under the trees in the pursuit of the shadow. This will only add unnecessary trouble in the fall, after all, all fallen leaves will be on the water. And fallen leaves are a direct road to clogging and decaying. In addition, the growth of the root system can negatively affect the banks of the reservoir.
4. The depth of the pond should be made enough so that it does not completely freeze in the cold season (from a meter or more).
5. Any incorrect, arbitrary shape is considered optimal for artificial pond forms. The only condition they should not be too elongated on the long side.
6. For the area of \u200b\u200bthe site where the construction of the pond is planned, a study of the composition of the soil, the identification of places of possible communications, pr.
7. It should be borne in mind that for the construction of the pond the price sometimes bites very much: some earthmoving work is worth it!

Classification of artificial ponds

All artificial ponds are divided into purpose into functional and Decorative.

Decorative play the role of ennorators of the territory, auxiliary elements in the process of creating a single landscape composition. Such ponds visually increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe site. Can be used to breed decorative fish.

How do you see your pond?

Family type pond

It is characterized by a natural appearance, simple technology of arrangement, modest sizes.

DIY sports pond in the country

Want to build something similar to a swimming bassine? So, your choice of sports type pond. It is distinguished by the correct forms, anti -tacking devices (underwater massage), a sandy beach.

Art pond

It is highly valued by its architectural and landscape design, a complex hydraulic system. When arranging, far from ordinary materials are used. For such a high -research construction of the pond, the price sometimes goes off scale.

Note! It is easier to balance the ecosystem in an artificial reservoir of large sizes. In a large pond, water inhabitants adapt much faster. A small pond requires more frequent cleaning and replacing water.

If desired, an artificial pond can be divided into several zones. For example:

• decorative;
• for water regeneration;
• for swimming.

Driver the area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir either with the bottom of the bottom, or with a small mesh, floats are placed on the surface.

It is worth knowing! You can dilute fish in the pond, but it should be borne in mind that there should be at least a meter of a square surface on 1-10 individuals (if the depth of the reservoir is one and a half to two meters).

Pond construction technology

Regardless of what size, shape, depth and purpose of the pond are preferable, all work on its construction can be divided into several consistent stages.

Geodetic work

Geodetic work is carried out in order to clarify the most optimal place for the location of the pond. As we have already noted, possibilities may not always justify desires. The reservoir cannot be dug up where gas/sewer pipes are located, where telephone or power cables pass. It is extremely undesirable to carry out construction work in places where the soil is loosened, it can sag under the weight of a large mass of water.

That is why you should work tightly with surveyors, get acquainted with local authorities with the nature of the run on the territory of your possessions of engineering networks, not neglect the trial drilling, etc.

Design work

Based on all the data received at the previous stage, you can determine exactly what depth and size of the pond you can afford. The project is best ordered at a project organization or a landscape design company.

Excavation

This stage is the most time -consuming in the process of building a pond in the country. It is very important to correctly calculate your strength and capabilities.

Heavy construction equipment will definitely help accelerate the course of work, but there are nuances:

• the excavator, for sure, will pretty spoil the site;
• he is able to send extracted soil no further than the length of his arrow, which means that you will have to admire for some time a fairly decent mountain;
• a considerable part of the territory will be dotted with earth or sand.

If such Armageddon you do not like the excavation of soil can be drawn in the old fashioned way with shovels. Relying exclusively on your strength, you can:

• pre -remove a layer of fertile soil and save it;
• to decide in advance where to send the excreted soil.

Important! Before the start of earthwork, the shape of the future pond (rope, wire, pegs) should be marked.

The optimal angle of inclination of the slope of the pond is a figure not exceeding forty -five degrees. If you do more, the waterproofing film will slide.

The bottom of the pond is supposed to be even (and it does not matter at all what depth of the reservoir is planned) and freed from stones, roots and other objects that can damage waterproofing.

Useful tips.

1. It is not recommended to start earthwork in the rainy season.
2. For the reservoir, it is necessary to provide a drainage channel through which excess water (for example, after a rain) could be calmly removed.

If the project of your future pond provides for the installation of equipment for compulsory filtering of liquid or artificial lighting, the supply of power cables to the pond should be carried out at this stage.

When the work on the excavation of the soil is over, the bottom of the tank needs to be leveled and sealled.

Waterproofing

Mandatory and perhaps the most crucial stage in the construction of an artificial pond. Why?

Because the water should in no case seep, go into the ground. Ground waters, in turn, should not find loopholes for admission to the reservoir.

Between the soil and the film, a layer of sand is created without fail or geotextiles are laid. This is a kind of protection of the tank of the pond from possible ascides of the soil. And they are also especially possible if the volume of the reservoir, and, accordingly, the mass of water will be large. The absence of such an auxiliary layer will clearly negatively affect the durability of the pond.

If the process of waterproofing the pond was disturbed, carried out poorly, there is a high probability of oversaturation of moisture of the adjacent territory. As a result, rotting of the root system, a decrease in the crop on the city. Significant penetration of water into the soil can even cause a washing of the foundation.

The choice of waterproofing and materials for it should be made taking into account the specifics of the structure and necessarily comply with the project.

The hydraulic insulator material is acquired with a stock of width and length of at least eighty centimeters. This supply is laid on the shore around the perimeter of the reservoir. The film running along the bottom is loaded with stones in several places, and all the folds formed are smoothed over the surface of the container.

Selection of materials for waterproofing

The first thing that is worth noting the temptation of low cost should not be succumbing.

The most common cheap polyethylene It will last you for three years, if not two.

It is better to apply PVC film She is more reliable and durable. Although not perfect. Its main minus is low frost resistance. Practice shows: the quality of the quality of such waterproofing is enough for ten years. This is not a few, but not so much.

Much more thorough than the previous two material is butilkuyk. Its key advantages are strength and elasticity. The warranty life of this product is twenty years.

The formation of a pond bowl

You can perform a bowl of concrete pond. This is a complex, but reliable option.

The process of work

1. Laying the first layer of concrete. The solution is placed in an even layer along the walls and the bottom of the pit. The optimal layer thickness of ten centimeters.
2. Reinforcement. The net is supposed to be applied to concrete until it has hardened. It is pressed into the solution, thus forming a common surface.
3. Laying the second layer of concrete. When the concrete at the bottom hardens so much that you can walk along it, proceed to the formation of concrete on the second layer, about five centimeters thick. It is always laid on a pre -moistened surface. The upper edge of the second layer should be added further than the edge of the first, i.e. Finally press the edges of the waterproofing film.
4. Liquid glass coating. This procedure begins three to four days after the complete completion of all concrete work. The concrete walls and the bottom should first be wiped. Apply liquid glass with an even layer (two to three millimeters) over the entire surface (wide brush).

Interesting!Why do you think the concrete surface is covered with liquid glass? The fact is that concrete baby is very dangerous for fish. The absence of a glass film is permissible in cases where the breeding of animals in the pond is not supposed.

Not so long ago, a technology appeared on the market, which allows to form a pond bowl with liquid rubber.

Liquid rubber is a frost -resistant, elastic, high -tech material, which absolutely does not care any mechanical effects.

Finishing an artificial pond

First of all, the coastline is finished. A tile or natural stone is laid out on a lime solution or cement. The coating is formed either along the entire line of the coast, or with intervals filled with gravel or pebbles. The edges of the film, the remaining in sight, bend and hide under pebbles or soil.

To design a pond, it is best to use river naked natural stone that does not interact with water.

If you have a misunderstanding of the technology of carrying out certain works in the process of building a pond video from experienced professionals and amateur enthusiasts will certainly help you figure out what.

Subtleties of operation and care

Here is the pond and ready. But it is not enough to simply build it and fill it with water.

The pond must be kept in an excellent state, monitor the quality of the water, and regularly clean. To combat water flowering, special backlights, UV sterilizers, and heating devices are used. They eliminate not only the main problem, but also improve the general biological well -being of the reservoir.

The biochemical filter should take care of the transparency and hygiene of water.

If your artificial reservoir was competently designed and built qualitatively, special dances with a tambourine are not needed over it. Remember, the best indicator of purity of the pond is the quantity and well -being of the organisms inhabiting it.