Fire protection of wooden structures with your own hands: select fire -fighting impregnation

Any wooden structures that are in the house need additional protection against fire. Special compositions are able to increase the fire safety of the tree and protect it from fire. We learn about the features of choosing, applying and calculating fire protection of wooden structures.

Table of contents:

1. Material for fire protection of wooden structures
2. The choice of fire protection of wooden structures SNIPS
3. Tool for fire protection of wooden structures
4. The technology of fire protection of wooden roof structures
5. Methods and verification of fire protection of wooden structures

Material for fire protection of wooden structures

Before you familiarize yourself with the types of compositions that protect the tree from fire, we propose to study the requirements for this kind of compositions. All impregnations that apply on wooden surfaces should:

1. have a high degree of fire protection.

All compositions are divided into two groups of fire protection of wooden structures: I and II. Each composition is attributed to these groups after its thorough study. During the study, the composition is exposed to fire for two minutes. In case of weight loss, more than ten percent, the composition belongs to group number two, better compositions are attributed to the first group. Moreover, if the level of weight loss is more than twenty -five percent, these compositions cannot properly cope with fire protection.

2. Provide the proper protection of wood from exposure to high temperature.

To determine the fire safety of a tree, calculate its combination and susceptibility to ignition, as well as special attention is paid to the formation of smoke and toxicity.

3. To be confirmed by certificates and documents indicating and high quality of the compositions.

First of all, the document indicates the degree of protection of objects from fire. In addition, the absence of toxic substances in a solution is recorded in the corresponding certificate with sanitary standards.

4. Pay attention to the level of consumption of the material - it should be as low as possible, but at the same time, impregnation should have high efficiency in work.

5. The type of composition and type of processed surface must coincide with each other.

There are universal and special impregnations. The former are suitable for several surface options at once, and the latter are used only for wood, concrete, plastic, etc.

6. The manufacturability of the impregnation lies in the absence of additional work on breeding the composition, applying with a brush or roller.

7. In addition, an important role should be given to the aesthetic attractiveness of the surface after applying the composition. After impregnation, the surface should not change the color and texture. This is especially true for wood. After applying varnish, the level of protection of wood from fire should not decrease.

There are a large number of materials by which fire protection of wood is performed. First of all, we note paintwork, for which a brush, roller or spray is used. In addition, to increase fire protection indicators use materials in the form:

1. GVL - profile parts of the structure are treated using additional solutions. The installation of non -combustible gypsum plates prevents contact between wood and thermal energy that affects it. If the material cannot be processed using impregnations, it is recommended to install precisely such plates.

2. Another option is the use of rolled fire protection for wood. The material has the shape of foil insulation. Such fire protection is applied if the application is carried out in hard -to -reach places, such as attic or attic.

3. Constructive options for protecting wood from fire implies the use of special refractory type belts. Such elements prevent the spread of fire and increase the effectiveness of fire protection. In a special technological map and in the fire protection project, places of installation of these structures are indicated.

4. Additional elements that provide fire protection. For these purposes, a brick frame is built on wooden structures, or the walls are treated with a solution of plaster with vermiculite.

The choice of fire protection of wooden structures SNIPS

When choosing protection from fire for wood, you should be extremely careful. Since this material is easy to combat and should be qualitatively protected from fire.

Most often, fire protection is trusted with specialized companies that develop design documentation, scheme and methods of fire protection in advance. If the work site is small, then it is quite possible to independently perform fire protection without involving foreign specialists.

When choosing a composition to protect wood from fire, pay attention to the following indicators:

1. The level of fire resistance. The best components are pastes and mastic. Compounds with lubricating characteristics provide a high degree and efficiency of wood protection. To determine the quality of processing, it is enough to conduct a visual inspection of the processed area. However, these compositions differ in certain shortcomings. First of all, this is a decrease in the attractiveness of the appearance of the coating. Therefore, the relevance of their application is achieved in hidden areas, with a small level of access.

2. The second property of high -quality fire protection is resistance to atmospheric precipitation and adverse environmental factors. It is not recommended to process facades using frost -resistant varnish on water -based. Water impregnations are easily washed off. External sections are treated with silicone compositions in which synthetic substances are contained. After applying such a composition, the wood is covered with any type of paint, while without losing fire -retardant characteristics. These compositions are indelible or weak.

3. Aesthetic indicators are important if the wood is in prominent areas. In this case, we recommend contacting varnishes or compositions with a liquid base. After their application, neither the color nor the texture of the wood changes. Some impregnations are also colorless and allow not only to protect the tree from fire, but also highlight its texture. Some paints contain refractory components, thus staining and fire protection of wood is produced.

4. The level of fire protection - this coefficient you can easily find out by looking at the packaging of the composition. The instructions also indicate the optimal number of layers that are applied to the wooden surface.

The duration and effectiveness of the impregnations is determined not only by their quality, but also by observing the application technology.

Tool for fire protection of wooden structures

In the ratio with the type of composition used, a tool is selected with which fire protection is provided:

1. A device in the form of a spray gun - is used only if paints or varnishes are applied to the wood. It is not recommended to use to apply deep penetration. Evenly and quickly distributes the composition on the surface.

2. Some compounds are applied directly to the wooden surface, if it was previously painted, it is necessary to remove the old paint. This will require the presence of a construction hair dryer and spatulas.

3. Using an autoclave, it is possible to perform deep impregnation of wood. Thus, even when exposed to excessively high temperature and open fire, wood will not burn. The depth of fire protection is provided by selective cutting.

4. In some cases, the impregnation is applied using the method of hot bathtub. This method of applying materials provides the highest degree of fire protection. In this case, the presence of a special container, inside of which the beam is heated, then the composition and the process of cooling should be heated.

The technology of fire protection of wooden roof structures

Each roof, on which there are wooden elements, needs fire protection. This rule is spelled out in SNIP on fire protection of wooden structures with the requirements. If you do not protect the roof from the effects of fire, then in case of fire, the first step is reduced by the stability of the supporting elements and the roof collapses. To select materials that provide fire protection of the roof, you should turn to such regulatory documents as GOST and SNiP.

Pre -drawn up a project of fire protection of wooden structures. Five basic fire resistance classes are distinguished. In the process of processing the roof, five main subspecies of this processing are also distinguished.

Using standard impregnations can improve the counteraction of the roof of fire for several hours. However, this version of fire protection is mandatory, but not the only one. In addition, special design solutions should be used, suitable building materials that improve the fire resistance of the structure.

In addition, additional means of fire protection are determined by the climatic features of the region, the sphere of use of the building, the type of wood, etc.

If the building has an attic floor, then the coefficient of its fire resistance should exceed 45R. In children's and preschool institutions, all wooden structures are subjected to mandatory plastering. To process the rafters, paint materials are used. In residential apartment buildings, exclusively non -combustible substances are used as finishing materials for the roof.

First of all, fire protection should perform the function of preventing the development of fire before the arrival of special services. Fire protection of wooden structures is carried out in a specially established manner. On the roof processing are the following elements:

• farms, a rafter system and arches - thus it is possible to prevent their fire and a decrease in the strength of the roof under the influence of open fire, such an impregnation is applied to a roof of any purpose both in one -story and multi -storey buildings;
• Processing of the crate of the roofing system - this process is required if the bitumen tile and other materials prone to fire are used as a finishing material for the roof;
• If the floor slabs are on the roof, they are also mandatory to be processed.

Methods and verification of fire protection of wooden structures

In order to increase the fire resistance of the roof, it is necessary to perform complex fire protection. That is, applying one impregnation will not be enough. Among the main methods of fire protection of the roof, we note:

1. Application of fire retardants - a brush is used for this. Try to apply the composition without missing the slightest element. The quality and life of the fire protection depends on this.

2. A heater with fire characteristics - warming the roof, we recommend installing materials, not prone to fire. Such insulation not only prevent fire, but also protect the tree from heating.

3. The roof coating with fire -retardant paint provides prolonged protection of the tree from fire. In the process of heating, this material is released, such as water and gas. A special protective layer is formed on the wood.

4. If the wood is processed by the method of heating the bath, then it is recommended to apply impregnation. This type of processing is characterized by a low level of material consumption and high efficiency.

5. The variant of gravel backup of the roof is possible - this is relevant only if the value of the total thickness of the waterproofing layer is not more than 0.6 cm.

6. In order to protect metal objects of the roof, special fire -retardant pastes are used.

7. It is possible to combine several compositions to provide fire protection.

If when applying to wooden surfaces, it is necessary to maintain the color of the tree, then we recommend that you dwell on the choice of varnish with fire -retardant characteristics. In addition, varnishes protect the tree from moisture and temperature changes.

Using the use of paints and enamels, it is possible to simultaneously not only paint, but also protect the tree from fire. At the same time, the application is carried out in any convenient way - a brush, roller or spray.

Technical and attic premises are treated with pastes, mastics or other coatings. In this case, the aesthetic attractiveness of the processed surface is reduced, but the effectiveness of the protection is improved.

The impregnations are applied airlessly or heated by the cold bath. The minimum temperature of these compositions is five degrees.

In addition, materials for providing fire protection are divided into:

• internal;
• External.

The first option is not distinguished by resistance to moisture, sharp temperature differences, but most often contains natural and harmless components. The impregnations for external work have a synthetic basis and resist moisture.