How to make a pile foundation with your own hands. Features of the device of the pile foundation. The main stages of work on installing a pile foundation with your own hands

In fact, not a single building is complete without creating the foundation for it, that is, the foundation. As you know, a wide variety of their species is distinguished in the construction sector. This article will talk about the features of the device of the pile foundation. Consider the main stages of work on installing this type of base with your own hands, study its design.

Table of contents:

1. What is a pile foundation, design features
2. When and why choose a pile foundation
3. Stages for installing a pile foundation
4. Black drilling, concreting and reinforcing. Rosting device
5. The main location and materials of the piles
6. Restrictions on the use of pile foundation
7. Necessary materials and tools for installing a pile foundation

What is a pile foundation, design features

The pile foundation is a base of hard, piles immersed in the ground, which are placed along the perimeter of the structure of the future building. These very piles are of various types, they are classified according to many criteria:

• according to the method of deepening the support;
• by the method of influence on the soil;
• on the material;
• By type of section, etc.

It is worth clarifying that this type of foundation is most often used when conducting construction in difficult areas, where heaving soil dominates. A pile itself is a rod, the upper part of which is called a head of the head, and the lower sole. The sole itself can be expanded or pointed, it is also purchased either in finished form, or made independently at the workplace. The table presents the main types of piles, according to the method of deepening the support.

Regarding the method of exposure to the Earth, hanging - and piles are distinguished. The first type implies the distribution of loads that appear as a result of the friction of the earth on the sides of the support. The second transfers the load to the strong layer of the earth, it is not characterized by sediment.

As for the division of piles into views relative to the material, here they highlight:

• reinforced concrete;
• wooden;
• Steel piles.

Durability is distinguished by reinforced concrete supports, steel, and cheapness is wooden with large financial costs.

The foundations of the pile type are the following types: field, strip, single and bush. Single piles differ by the simplicity of the mounting process, they are used as supports in the construction of the porch, etc. For the construction of frame structures, a strip type is used, it is economical and reliable. Bush piles are used on large, overall construction projects, with increased load on the land area. It is customary to place field piles with a uniform interval. They are being erected by multi -storey buildings. The choice of one or another type depends on the climatic features of the territory, the relief of the land, the technical characteristics of the planned construction.

A number of advantages of using a pile foundation with a grillage include:

• minimizing financial costs for construction;
• reduced terms for the construction of the foundation for the building;
• Give the opportunity to do without humid work, when installing stuffed and screw piles;
• the ability to carry out construction work at any time of the year;
• minimum harm to the environment;
• Installation work regarding the grillage does not harm the closest buildings;
• on properly selected soil, the service life of such a foundation is more than 100 years;
• The designs of the pile foundation are famous for their reliability and strength.

When and why choose a pile foundation

As a rule, a pile foundation is chosen when erecting low -rise, civilian, industrial, small houses. This type of base is considered an excellent option when creating country cottages, cottages. The pile foundation is implemented on such varieties of soil as:

• plant soils;
• floats;
• Less -shaped;
• clay soils, etc.

In the territory with high density, the choice of pile foundation can significantly reduce labor -intensive earthwork. This type of base does not require heavy digging the pit.

Another pretext for using a pile base is a high level of groundwater. It is suitable for soil, which is prone to deep freezing in the winter, but the pile foundation is not able to conquer rocks.

Stages for installing a pile foundation

The creation of a pile foundation can be described based on several stages and it is worth noting that it does not require a long preparation for the start of work. So,

Stage 1. Digging on piles. It is customary to place them around the entire perimeter of the construction site, while the diameter of the dug pits depends on the future dimensions of the structure.

Stage 2. Installation of roofing pipes. At this point, it is worth considering that the length of this type of pipes should be 3 meters in length of the very depths of the pit, since the formwork of the construction structure is created on the basis of the upper parts of the piles. Installations without the use of roofing pipe have a lot of problems and inaccuracies, they are prone to speedy destruction.

Stage 3. Concreting and reinforcing piles. At first, the reinforcement process takes place, which consists in the use of reinforcing rods to connect supports with the grillage. After that, you can start concreting, which, by the way, also depends on the use of roofing labor, since their absence leads to diffusion of cement milk. The process of concreting piles involves pouring the solution in portions, so that the concrete layer does not exceed the indicator of 5 meters.

The most common options for the construction of small suburban, private houses are the foundation on screw and bulk type of stilts.

Creating the first option requires the presence of such tools such as a welding machine, construction (water) level, roulette, etc. The whole process of installing the foundation on screw stilts can be displayed in step by step.

1. The marking of the site. To do this, the basis is better to use the lunar breakdown of the territory, the use of pegs and cord in this case is not a rational option. It should be borne in mind that these louds should not be deep, otherwise it will violate the entire technological process.

2. Next, you can start drilling screw piles. This process is best done together, and not alone, since at this stage you need to check each screw support.

3. When all the supports are installed, they are concreted and mounted by grillage.

As for the foundation on the piles of the bulk type, the process of its installation is considered more costly, financially and financially, as well as complex. But be that as it may, the practice shows that it is quite realistic to build it. For this:

• Using the cord and pegs, they mark the construction territory;
• With manual drill, in the indicated places, pits are created for piles. Their depth should be at least 1.5 meters.
• The piles are treated with waterproofing material (roofing material), it is better to do this in two layers, for reliability. Ruberoid protects concrete supports from moisture, which is provided by the nearest groundwater.
• All piles are connected by a reinforcing frame.
• After reinforcement, pits with piles are poured with concrete. At this stage, a special vibrating technique will be required, which allows you to compact the solution.
• You can engage in the grillage of the foundation only after the concrete layer completely dried.

Black drilling, concreting and reinforcing. Rosting device

After marking the territory allotted for the construction of the foundation, you can proceed to the drilling of pits for piles, the number of which depends on the alleged weight of the future building. The diameter of the manual drill for this purpose is not more than 30 cm, and they can be purchased in almost any industrial store. Such designs make it possible to make a pit up to 5 meters deep. In cases where it is planned to create a multi-sized building and it is required to install a significant size of the supports, then motorized and electric drills are used, the diameter of which is 50-60 cm. In complex areas, they resort to the help of drilling machines.

In the construction of the grillage is divided into two varieties: the national team, represents a design of iron sticks, and monolithic. For both there are significant rules that should not be ignored:

1. The height of the grillage should be more than 3 meters.

2. The width should be less than 4 meters.

The prefabricated devices are characterized by fastening on the head of the supports, for this, at the concrete stage, the piles are complemented by T - figurative rods. On the head of the pile, the reinforced rod is additionally fixed in a horizontal position.

The formation of a monolithic grillage takes a few steps.

1. Installation work on creating formwork.

2. Reinforcement of piles.

3. Fill the grillage tape.

It is worth indicating that the main task of the grillage is to distribute evenly the load on the foundation. The classification of the grillage relative to the level of deepening into the soil is considered no less significant. Highlight high, increased and in -depth levels. The first is located above the ground, the second is installed at the ground level, and the third is completely in the soil.

The main location and materials of the piles

Most often, metal and reinforced concrete piles are found in construction. In the production of the first type, metal beams of various diameters are used, which depends on the dimensions of the foundation. In addition to the beams, a steel profile and pipes are used. Metal structures have one of the main advantages - strength. Before immersing in the Earth, this type of piles serve to be carefully treated with anti -corrosion solutions. The piles from were widely used at:

• construction of various fences, fences;
• The arrangement of unstable foundations of unsteady structures such as, for example, trading pavilions.
• the construction of the foundation of small -sized, light structures made of foam concrete, shield panels, etc.

Reinforced concrete piles are resistant to any type of soil. The designs are suitable for the construction of houses with the presence of more than 5 floors, since they are considered quite resistant to large weight, loads. This group of piles is actively used for:

• creating a foundation for hydraulic buildings;
• laying the foundation of auto and - railway bridges.
• When building engineering buildings, such as power lines.
• arrangement of hangars, etc.

  Restrictions on the use of pile foundation

Along with a wide range of application, due to its price and advantages, the pile foundation has restrictions on use. This type of base is not suitable for:

• Horizontal-moving type of soil, which is not resistant to overturning. Therefore, on each construction site, before starting work, it is recommended, without fail, to send the soil to the laboratory, for geological examination.
• The pile foundation has difficulties with the construction of the basement, in which cracks between the piles are formed in order to neutralize (create a bunch) large financial investments.

Necessary materials and tools for installing a pile foundation

In the process of installing a pile foundation, the following tools will be needed:

• Boer;
• scrap;
• shovel;
• metal rods;
• roulette;
• building level;
• welding machine;
• Cord, etc.

A number of necessary materials include crushed stone, cement for the solution, sand, etc.

The most important tool in the production of a pile foundation, of course, is considered a drill, with the help of which it is prepared, necessary for a construction site, the number of wells for piles. Boers are different in design and type, but most often, a manual drill is used to create such a base. Such a tool does not require special skills and technologies and have an affordable market price. Some amateur masters are assembleing a drill at home. Correctly selected tools will allow, without unnecessary physical costs, to make the necessary depths of the pit, while maintaining their qualities of strength and heat resistance.

For additional information on the topic, watch the video: