Settlement of the floor screed: Rules and examples

Almost every overhaul is not complete without the arrangement of the floor screed. This process allows you to make a strong base that will last its owner for more than a dozen years. The quality of the screed directly depends on the materials that were used in the process of its manufacture. In order to avoid unnecessary expenses for their purchase, the right amount of sand, cement and various kinds of components that will be needed during work should be carefully calculated. We will talk about how to do this.

Table of contents:

1. Floor screed - Features and technology of execution
2. Floor screed, calculation of materials and features of its implementation
3. Features of the preparation of the mixture for screed
4. Calculation of floor screed and solution manufacturing technology
5. Recommendations for calculating the dry screed of the floors
6. Calculation of the floor screed
7. Calculation of the number of screeds for the floor: manufacturing screed
8. DIY floor screed, calculation and installation of lighthouses
9. Arrangement of dry screed and features of expanded clay floor screed

Floor screed - Features and technology of execution

The floor screed is a concrete-sand layer that covers the entire surface of the floor before applying finishing materials. By arranging the floor screed, it is aligned and improving the strength characteristics.

The screed is an excellent basis for laying any flooring. In addition, a communication system is hidden under the screed, a ventilation gap is equipped, and waterproofing and insulation are laid on the screed. There are two main purposes of screeds:

• finish coating, for example in a garage room;
• An additional layer for laying finishing materials.

In relation to the method of installing the screed, there are:

• tied - the screed is laid directly on the floor surface and connected to it;
• With the presence of a separator - under the screed, a waterproofing and thermal insulation space is equipped, in this case, the screed is connected only to the walls of the room;
• The floating type of screed - with the help of this screed, reliable soundproofing is provided, with a quarrel is equipped on the thermal insulation and waterproofing layers, and does not touch the floor or the walls.

In relation to the method of installation, the screed happens:

• continuous type - is carried out by filling the space and leafing of the cement mortar;
• self -leveling type - is characterized by a high level of fluidity, requires the presence of a sealed basis for application, does not need to be equalized, since due to a large weight it spreads independently;
• The half -dry floor screed consists of two layers, the first of which is dry, and the second is ordinary, in this way it is possible to reduce the reduction of the process of making the screed, since the amount of solution required for its arrangement is significantly reduced, the half -dry screed acquires strength due to the use of special compositions on a polymer basis, which are positively denied on the quality of adhesion and improving the quality of the floor;
• The assembly type of screed is also called dry, the surface of such a screed is leveled by the flooring of bulk materials, for example, expanded crushed stone, then concrete slabs are laid, this method of arranging the screed does not require the presence of a concrete mixture.

In addition, there are two special types of screed:

• Industrial - using high -strength concrete composition, flooring using special compositions that improve its quality, this type of screed has special strength, it is stable before chemical compositions and other irritants;
• The semi -dry type of sand -cement screed - in this type of screed, synthetic fiber is used, such a screed in strength is compared with the reinforced concrete base.

Floor screed, calculation of materials and features of its implementation

Conducting the calculation of materials for arranging the screed is a fairly simple process that is easy to perform with the right approach to it. In order to calculate the right amount of materials for screed, you will need to perform the following actions:

1. For example, for a floor area of \u200b\u200b20 square meters, when applying a screed of 50 mm, 1 cubic meter of solution will be required. That is, 20x0.05 \u003d 1.

2. To calculate the amount of cement and sand from which the solution will be prepared, you should first determine their proportion. It, in most cases, is one to three. That is, for one part of the cement, three parts of the sand are needed. 0.25 cubic meters of cement and 0.75 cubic meters of sand is necessary to arrange such a screed.

3. Now we transfer the data obtained into kilograms. The approximate weight of one cubic meter of cement is 1.3 tons. That, we will need about 330 kg of cement.

Using this formula, it will be possible to calculate materials for the screed of any configuration and complexity. It is enough to simply determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe floor.

Keep in mind that in the manufacture of concrete solution, it is slightly settled and reduces the volume. For example, when using one cubic meter of solution, as a result, about 0.7 cubic meters of screed will turn out. Therefore, after calculations, the number of materials should be increased by 10-15 percent.

Features of the preparation of the mixture for screed

After calculations based on materials for arranging the screed and after buying them, an important process follows - the preparation of the solution with which the floor screed is poured.

There are several varieties of screeds, they differ in composition, the proportions of the ingredients and the type of coating on which they are applied.

Most often, the composition of the screed contains the following components:

• cement, the higher its brand, the stronger the screed will be, the industrial types of screeds use the cement of the best quality, for the standard screed, the cement 400 brand is enough;
• Sand - before use, this material is sifted, the remains in the form of stones and garbage are removed, keep in mind that the sand should be dry, the presence of a small amount of moisture will adversely affect the quality of the screed;
• To improve the quality of the concrete composition, the use of plasticizers is recommended;
• Materials in the form of polymer and mineral additives make laying finishing materials easier, help to accelerate the solidification of screed, etc.

In addition, some compounds involve the use of gypsum as a binder. These solutions are characterized by a high drying rate, they are not prone to shrinkage, their area of \u200b\u200buse is limited by dry rooms. In a room with high humidity, installing such a screed is unacceptable.

Tip: When buying cement, pay attention to the period of its manufacture, since long -term storage leads to excessive accumulation of moisture in cement and this composition is of low quality.

The option of buying a finished mixture is possible, but such an event will cost many times more.

Calculation of floor screed and solution manufacturing technology

The procedure for preparing the solution should be carried out carefully and in compliance with all technologies, since the final result of the resulting screed depends on this.

To prepare the solution, we suggest you familiarize yourself with the recommendations that will help to do this:

1. All bulk and dry materials are mixed together separately. Keep in mind that the proportions should be observed with an accuracy of a kilogram. In case of violation of the proportionality of the ingredients, the quality of the composition is deteriorated.

2. Plasticizers and water are connected separately and are thoroughly mixed. Most often, for one bag of cement, the weight of which is 50 kg, about 200 grams of plasticizer is required. More accurate instructions are written in the instructions for its application.

3. After the preparation of dry and liquid components, there is a procedure for their mixing each other. Dry materials are slowly falling asleep into the water, monitor the homogeneity of the mass and the absence of lumps in it.

Tip: To evenly stir the solution, use electrical tools in the form of a mixer or special drill. They will make the solution homogeneous, and the preparation procedure will accelerate significantly.

Recommendations for calculating the dry screed of the floors

In order for the work on calculating the mixture for screeding the floor to go quickly and easily, we offer to familiarize yourself with the simple recommendations that will help in this case:

1. The initial stage involves the performance of the required amount of concrete, it includes:

• determination of the thickness of the screed;
• multiplication of the received values;
• multiplication of the results by the size of the original coefficient, which is 1.02.

2. Translation of cubic meters into kilograms. In the relationship with the building rules, one cubic meter of the solution contains about 500 kg of cement. The calculation of the cement by the floor screed should be multiplied by three, since its ratio in the solution is one to three. Thus, we find out how much sand is required to prepare the solution.

3. After the calculation of sand concrete for the floor screed, it remains only to purchase materials and start work on the construction of the screed.

Calculation of the floor screed

There is an option to purchase ready -made mixtures in which there are special additives that provide additional reinforcement of the screed. Working with them is simpler, since there is no need to independently calculate the components, their correct connection and preparation. It is enough just to open a bucket with the finished mixture and use it for its intended purpose.

In addition, these compositions are equipped with instructions in which not only the preparation of the solution is described in detail, but also its consumption for a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe floor.

These compositions are characterized by a fairly high cost, although the procedure for performing work with their use is much easier.

On the packaging there is a value of the volume of the mixture. To prepare it, it is enough to use only water and bring the composition to the desired consistency, in relation to the selected type of screed.

To prepare the solution, it is preferable to use a bucket and a mixer. Do not use an ordinary shovel, since with its help it is not possible to prepare a perfectly mixed concrete composition. First, water is placed in the bucket, and then the mixture is gradually poured.

Calculation of the number of screeds for the floor: manufacturing screed

Several stages of the construction of the floor screed are distinguished:

• preparatory work;
• mounting beacons;
• solution and its preparation;
• The direct process of filling.

In order for the final result of the work to please with quality, you should clearly adhere to the technology for manufacturing the screed.

The preparation of the base consists of such stages:

• filling all cracks using a solution;
• surface cleansing of dust and dirt;
• Floor treatment with soil.

Please note that the choice of a particular type of primer directly depends on the type of surface on which it will be applied. Carefully follow the technical characteristics of the material, and choose a primer for flooring.

The next stage is the installation of beacons. They have the appearance of guides that are installed in the room. When pouring the floor on the beacons, a rule is drawn, in the end, the surface is even and smooth.

Keep in mind that incorrectly established beacons lead to a violation of horizontalness of the floor, to the appearance of its curvature and unevenness. Aluminum profiles are used as guides.

DIY floor screed, calculation and installation of lighthouses

Installation of lighthouses for floor screed is as follows:

1. Determination of the zero level, approximately 50 mm from the floor.

2. The designation of the line that passes near the wall. In each side of it, holes should be drilled, and installed screws.

3. Install the aluminum profile, check its evenness using the level. By twisting the screws, install the profile in a perfectly even position. Check its horizontal several times, since it is on this that the evenness of the future screed will depend.

4. Fix the lighthouse with a gypsum solution. Also, install other lighthouses. After their installation, once again check the evenness of each element.

The manufacture of screed is completing the procedure for filling it. Try to produce it in stripes, in the space between the beacons. After the surface grabs a little, the beacons are dismantled. If light spots are present on the surface, then they are eliminated by the use of a solution with a rule.

In order to prevent cracks on the floor surface, moisten the solution with water, for a week after the filling.

Arrangement of dry screed and features of expanded clay floor screed

The technology for manufacturing a dry floor screed has its own characteristics, it does not need the manufacture of cement mortar and wet work. To build a dry screed, you need:

• waterproofing;
• thermal insulation materials;
• bulk material in the form of sand, expanded clay, slag or gravel;
• Plates from asbestos cement, moisture resistant gypsum fiber or chipboard.

Stages of work on dry screed:

• laying the waterproofing layer;
• provision of thermal insulation;
• rammed and alignment using bulk material;
• Laying plates.

In relation to the type of material used in the work, the cost of such a screed is determined. It is not recommended to equip a dry floor screed in a room with high humidity.

One of the cheapest, but at the same time quality materials used in the arrangement of screed is expanded clay. It is made of foam clay, which is burned in a special furnace. Therefore, expanded clay is absolutely harmless to health. If it is planned to equip a screed, the thickness of which is more than 50 mm, then the use of expanded clay is ideal.

The thermal conductivity of such a screed is at a high level, in addition, there is no load on the building, and the costs of acquiring materials are reduced.

For 10 meters of square area, with a layer thickness of 1 cm, 0.3 cubic meters of expanded clay. If you transfer this value to the liters, then you need to purchase 100 liters of expanded clay.

For a more detailed calculation, the height of the screed should initially determine. If the room is on the ground floor, then the minimum layer thickness should be 100 mm. Otherwise, 40 mm will be enough.

Next, we calculate expanded clay according to the formula. For 1 cm, the screed and 1 meter square area require 10 liters of expanded clay, and for 5 cm screed - 50 liters of material.

Next, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is determined and this value is multiplied by the amount of square meters.