How to make a sewer in a cottage

Accommodation in the suburban cottage has long ceased to resemble camping conditions, now it has a full -fledged bathroom, a bathroom, a sink in the kitchen, and maybe even a pool, a sauna and a bathhouse. All this requires not only the presence of a water pipeline, but also the further removal of drains. The sewage system of the cottage is one of the main engineering systems that provide comfortable accommodation and vital activity. In order to equip the sewer in a country house, it is necessary not only to lay communications inside the building, but also to think through the further fate of the drains, whether they will simply accumulate in the container or the installation of deep cleaning station will be required. How to choose and install the treatment facilities and how to equip the sewage pipeline about this and not only in this article. Of course, if you do not want or cannot do everything yourself, then turnkey cottage repair is your choice. Quickly, efficiently and economical, and your business, only observe the process.

1. The choice of autonomous sewage for a cottage
2. Rules for the location of treatment facilities
3. Cottage sewage scheme
4. Installation of sewage in the cottage
   • Installation of deep cleaning station
   • Laying the external pipeline of the cottage sewage system
   • Internal sewage system of the cottage

The choice of autonomous sewage for a cottage

The first thing to do is think about where the drains from the cottage will be given. The choice of treatment plant depends on many factors individual for each individual case:

• Ground water level. Is there a flooding of the site in the spring flood.
• Type (sand, clay, loam, chernozem, peat) and soil structure on the site.
• The climatic features of the area and the depth of freezing of the soil.
• How many people constantly live in a cottage, and how often there are guests.
• Daily water consumption per person.
• Site size. How much space can be distinguished for the arrangement of treatment facilities.
• Does the section have a slope and in which direction.

In total, there are several options for treatment facilities, each of which is good in one case or another.

Hold capacity For drains can be made of concrete, brick or plastic, all sewage flow into it and accumulate. As the container is filled, it is necessary to call the assigned machine for pumping. The container will be filled quite often, so the relative cheapness of the arrangement of such a treatment building is leveled by the cost of frequent calling of asserments. This sewage option is suitable if the site has a high level of groundwater or seasonal flooding, but at the same time, 1 2 people live in the cottage or a family is raids, i.e. Nobody constantly lives.

Two -chamber septic tankor filter overflowing wells You can purchase ready -made ones, or you can do it yourself. The first well with a hermetic bottom serves for a stake of wastewater: solid particles settled to the bottom, fatty pops up to the surface, and clarified water in the middle. This water flows through the pipe into the second well without a bottom, where it is cleaned, seeping through the pushing of crushed stone, sand and soil. In the first well, over time, a critical amount of silt accumulates, for pumping which it is necessary to call asseners every 4 6 months (for the family 4 5 people). You can install such a septic tank or filter wells only if the groundwater level on the site never rises above 1 m from the bottom of the septic tank (wells), even better if the soil on the area is sandy or sandy loam.

Septic tank with a filtering field It will require a lot of free space. It is a container divided into 2 3 sections, in the first there is a defending of water, in the second processing by anaerobic bacteria, the third section of the distribution well from which the pipe on the filtration field leads. The field takes about 30 m2 underground at a depth of at least 1 m, covered with gravel and sand, passing through which the water is finally lightened and seeped into the ground. This sewage option is good if the site is large (there should be 30 m to buildings and water supply), there is a lot of free space (you can only break the flowerbed over the filtration field), and the groundwater level is below 3 m.

There are two more autonomous systems for sewers of cottages that are suitable for any conditions, even if the groundwater level is high, the site is flooded, and many people live in the house. it biological cleaning station and artificial cleaning station.

Septic tank with a biofilter We represent a container divided into 3 4 sections, in each of them there is a stage of water purification with anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, at the output, technical water is obtained by 98 99.5 %. It can be watered, washed the car, etc. Microorganisms can be added to the septic tank by simply pouring them into the toilet. The advantage of such a system is its complete autonomy and energy dependence.

Septicik with forced air supply It differs from a septic tank with a biofilter type of bacteria, for which constant pumping of fresh air is needed. Therefore, such a deep cleaning station will need to be supplied with electricity for the operation of pumping pumps and air pump. The cost of such a septic tank is quite high, but it is able to process a larger amount of wastewater than a septic tank with biological cleaning.

As you can see, there is something to choose from, the main thing is to take into account all the starting conditions and focus on your budget.

Rules for the location of treatment facilities

When choosing a place for the arrangement of treatment facilities, a number of restrictions should be taken into account (according to SNiP):

• The septic tank must defend from the foundation by more than 5 m.
• The distance from the treatment facilities to the water source (well, reservoir, well) should be 20 50 m.
• The distance from the septic tank to the garden with vegetables and fruits should be 10 m.
• Filter wells should be located at a distance of 8 m from a residential cottage.
• Filtering fields at a distance of 25 m from the house.
• The drainage system and filtering fields should be below the source of the water intake.

In order for the pipe leading from the cottage to the septic tank does not freeze, it must be located deep in the ground. If the septic tank is near the cottage, 5 7 meters, then you can remove the pipe from the house at a depth of 1 1.2 m to provide a sufficient slope of 2 4 degrees (2 4 cm per meter). If the septic tank is far away, and there is no way to make a slope simultaneously with a deep laying in the ground, then the pipe can be removed from the house at a depth of 50 cm, but at the same time insulated so that it does not freeze.

For insulation of the external sewage pipe, you can use modern thermal insulation materials by wrapping a pipe into them and extinguishing a larger diameter into an asbestos -cement pipe. If the region is severe winters, and the depth of laying less than 1.5 m, then the pipe must be wrapped in an electric heating cable with temperature sensors. So uniform heating of the pipes will be provided, and no frosts are terrible.

It is desirable that the external sewage pipeline is completely straight, without turns and angles. If this is not possible, then in every complex node, turning with any angle, it is necessary to install observation audit wells. Even on a direct pipeline, it is worth performing such wells at a distance of 10 15 m from each other. Through them it will be possible to clean the clogged pipe with a cable.

According to the requirements of SNiP for the external pipeline of the sewage system, you can use these types of pipes: cast iron, concrete, metal, asbestos -cement and plastic. The most reliable and durable are cast -iron pipes, but they are quite expensive, complex in installation and require special relation to themselves, therefore, in private construction, plastic pipes are more often used: polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, cheaper, less demanding and ubiquitous.

Also important is the slope of the site. The septic tank must be placed below the cottage, so wastewater will be able to go through the pipe by gravity. If this option is impossible, and it is necessary to equip the septic tank above the slope from the cottage, then the pump will have to be built into the system, which will pump the liquid into the septic tank.

When choosing a place for a septic tank, pay attention not only to your cottage and a source of water intake, but also to neighboring structures, wells, wells and lakes. Violation of the norms of SanPiN will lead to the fact that through the court they will force you to redo everything.

Cottage sewage scheme

After the place for the septic tank is found, it is necessary to draw a sewage circuit in the cottage. Of course, it is advisable to consult a design bureau for advice so that you will be completed all the necessary calculations and draw up a sewage project. Nevertheless, this is not the question that endures approximation. If you think that you have a small cottage, and you can handle it yourself, then at least make a drawing on which there will be a detailed plan of the cottage, the location of water consumers on it, draining the wastewater of pipes and risers, the horizontal pipe of the sewage system, the outer pipe and the septic tank . Be sure to indicate the dimensions of each site and the place of joints, turns, etc., so that you can calculate the number of fittings, pipes and accessories.

When developing a scheme, keep in mind that pipe segments connecting plumbing and riser should be minimal. The riser is the central pipeline in which the drains are collected from all plumbing devices in the cottage. Also, pay attention to the riser must have ventilation, which leads to the horseman at least 50 cm above the skate.

Important! When the water merges in the toilet, it fills the entire cross section of the sewer pipe and, moving along it, acts like a piston. As a result, a vacuum (low pressure) is created behind the water flow, and high pressure is in front. If ventilation is not provided in the sewer riser, then the vacuum behind the flow of water from the toilet will lead to the fact that in all the plumbings connected to the pipeline to the toilet, water from siphons will be sucked. As a result, an unpleasant smell of sewage system may appear in the room.

How to make a sewer in the cottage must follow some rules:

• The toilet must be connected to the riser with a separate pipeline. It is not allowed to connect it with one pipe along with other plumbing (bathroom, sink, washbasin).
• All other plumbing devices can be connected to a riser with one pipeline.
• On one floor, one must not allow the place of connection of the toilet with the riser to be above the connection of other plumbers. This is fraught with the fact that wastewater from the toilet will appear in the pipeline of other devices.
• Be sure to carry out the ventilation of the risers.
• If the location of the plumbing in the cottage is such that it is inconvenient to remove the drains in one riser, several risers should be equipped.
• If there is no eyeliner from the toilet to the riser, it is not necessary to equip ventilation for it, it is enough to install the aeration valve. It is placed at the upper end of the eyeliner or riser.
• To select the diameter of the eyeliner pipes to the riser, there is a rule: it should not be less than the diameter of the drain pipe of this plumbing.
• The diameter of the riser should be at least the diameter of the eyeliner, i.e. 100 mm. If the riser is without a toilet, then 50 mm is enough.
• The diameter of the outer pipe should be no less than the diameter of the riser.
• The length of the outlet from the toilet to the riser should be less than 1 m.
• The length of the eyeliner from other plumbing to the riser should be no more than 3 m. For a larger length, a larger diameter is required.
• The slope of the drain pipes should be 2 10 degrees. Those. from 2 to 10 cm per meter length. Most often they make a slope of 4 5 degrees. You should not do it too big, otherwise the water will quickly go through the pipe, and the feces and other solid particles will linger in the pipeline.
• The angles, turns and connections must be made smooth, with angles of 30-45-60 degrees along the course of wastewater.
• At the bottom of each riser, a hatch-revision is needed.
• The horizontal external sewage pipes are located in the basement, under the floor, in walls or in the ground. Outside the house, a well-audience is installed.

When the scheme is ready, you can purchase the necessary material and start installation.

Installation of sewage in the cottage

The sewage system of the cottage, although a complex system, can be performed by any person who is not devoid of intelligence and straight hands. Let us consider as an example of how to make a sewer with your own hands, using a deep cleaning station as a treatment building. Before starting work, we calculate what volume of the station we need (you can consult with the seller), what pipes, how much we purchase everything you need.

Installation of deep cleaning station

The sewage device in the cottage begins with excavation external works and the installation of the cleaning station. We select a place for the station, given all the rules and requirements. We mark the site. The pit under the station should be wider than 30 50 cm from all sides. The depth of the pit should be 30 cm larger than the height of the septic tank.

How to install a sector of treatment:

• Dig the pit and take out the soil from the site or fold in a pre -provided place. We put the upper fertile layer with a turf, it can be ennobled by a section with a septic tank.

• The bottom of the pit is thoroughly aligned in the horizontal plane and tamped.
• We fall asleep at the bottom of 20 30 cm of sand and trim, spilling with water.
• We install a wooden stand (a wide board, shield) on the edge of the pit, and lower the cleaning station into the pit, resting it on the stand so as not to shower the edges of the pit. We align the station in the middle and horizon.

• We fill with sand the free space between the station and the edges of the pit, shed with water to compact. Pour the tanks of the station with water.

• We connect the station to the mains.

Laying the external pipeline of the cottage sewage system

• Dig a trench leading from the cottage to the cleaning station. It should be as flat as possible, without turns under 90, the maximum permissible turn 60. The depth of the trench depends on the climate and the level of freezing of the soil, but not less than 50 cm.
• We dig a trench with a margin of 15 cm, making a slope of 4 cm for every 1 m length. Those. If our pipeline is 7 m long, then the difference in height between the discharge from the cottage and the connection with the septic tank should be 28 cm. If the cottage came out at a depth of 90 cm, then near the station the depth of the pipe will be 118 cm.
• We perform the technological hole in the foundation for the output of the sewer pipe. This can be done using a special device that does not hurt the rest of the foundation.

• We seal and level the bottom of the trench, then fall asleep 15 cm with a layer of sand.
• We lay external pipes with a diameter of 100, 110 or 150 mm. You can use orange plastic pipes. They are connected using rubber gaskets, by inserting one into another.

• At the exit from the foundation, we install a check valve into the pipe. It will prevent wastewater from entering the pipeline if the septic tank is completely filled. Also, mice will not be able to get into the house through it.
• Wrap the pipes with insulation or electric cable.
• We check the smooth location of the pipes and the required slope.
• If the pipeline is long, then every 5 10 m must make revision wells. To do this, insert the tee into the pipe and remove the vertical section of the pipe up. So that the cold does not penetrate through this pipe, plug it with some kind of thermal insulation material.
• We perform a hole in the cleaning station at the required depth. We insert the pipe and seize the hole using polypropylene solder.

• We fill up the pipes on top of 10 15 cm with a layer of sand. Top with soil.
• We dig a trench from the cleaning station to the treatment groove, a mestern well or drainage. It should also be with a slope and preferably insulated.

After both pipelines are ready, the station can be finally filled with sand, and over the last 15 cm, overlaid with fertile soil.

The Luke of the station should be above the ground level. All other communications should be hidden.

Internal sewage system of the cottage

It is necessary to start laying the internal sewage pipeline with the installation of risers. For risers with a toilet, we take 100 mm pipes, for others you can take both 100 mm and 50 mm. According to SNiP, the internal sewer can be laid with plastic, concrete, reinforced concrete, cast -iron pipes. The most popular are plastic pipes, we will take them.

• We mount the sewer risers according to the scheme. We remove the ventilation pipe above the roof by 50 cm.
• We start eyeliner from plumbing devices directly from the device. We attach a siphon, which is a knee (U-shaped pipe) to the sliding pipe of the plumbing, there will always be water that delayed the unpleasant odor inside the sewer pipe and does not allow it to get into the room.
• We measure the site from the siphon to the riser. If a hidden laying of the pipeline is planned, then we stroke the wall to the depth of the diameter of the pipe (32 or 50 mm). We also have an eyeliner with a slope of 2 3.

Important! The bells of the sewage pipes should be directed towards impending sewage. This is how the risk of leaks is minimized.

• We combine the pipes with each other using gaskets and plumbing paste, connect with a siphon, a riser and insert it into a strobe. We check all the joints. We fix the pipeline to the wall with special clamps.

Important! In places where the pipe passes through the wall, it must be wrapped with elastic material and carried out through a metal clutch. It is unacceptable to perform the joints of the pipes inside the wall.

• We connect all the plumbing devices to the riser.
• We bring the risers to the underput or the base. Here we lay the horizontal pipeline, connect to the pipe passing through the foundation of the house.

• At the junction of the riser and horizontal pipe, we must perform the revision well.

Only after the entire sewage pipeline is mounted and checked, the supply pipes can be plastered, and the risers should be hidden in the niches. By the way, in order to sound insulation, the risers must be wrapped in mineral wool, sew up with GKL or other sheets. Do not forget to comply with all the rules and requirements of SNiP and SanPiN.