How to make a sewer in a private house - arrangement options

The urgent question that torments everyone to live in private country houses without the possibility of connecting to a central water supply and sanitation, how to make an autonomous sewer. Indeed, without it, it is not possible to fully use such benefits of civilization as a bath, shower, a sink in the kitchen, a washing machine and much more. Sewerage in a private house can be equipped in different ways, which we will talk about within the framework of this article. Correctly choose a system suitable for your individual conditions and needs is even more important than bringing it to life.

1. What can be the sewage system a private house with permanent and temporary residence
   • Cesspool
   • Sealant capacity cumulative tank
   • Single -chamber septic tank Priest
   • Two-chamber septic tank overwhelming wells.
   • Septic tank with a filtering field biological and soil cleaning
   • Septic tank with a biofilter of natural cleaning station
   • Septic tank with a forced air supply station of artificial cleaning
2. Water supply and sewage of a private house General rules
3. Sewer in a private house: video example

What can be the sewage system a private house with permanent and temporary residence

The option of arranging a drainage system in private houses is selected depending on several conditions:

• A house with permanent or temporary residence.
• How many people constantly live in the house.
• What daily water consumption per person in the house (depends on the number of water consumers, such as bathroom, shower, toilet, sink, washbasin, washing machine, etc.)
• What is the level of groundwater.
• What is the size of the site, how much space can be used for treatment systems.
• What is the structure and type of soil on the site.
• Climate conditions of the area.

You can familiarize yourself with the requirements in the corresponding sections of SanPin and SNiP in more detail.

Conditionally, all sewage systems in a private house can be divided into only two types:

• Accumulative systems (cesspool without a bottom, hermetic capacity for drains).
• Wastewater treatment facilities (The simplest single -chamber septic tank with soil cleaning, a two -chamber septic tank overflowing wells with natural cleaning, two - a three -chamber septic tank with a filtration field, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank (aerotet) with a constant air supply).

Cesspool

The oldest, proven for centuries and even millennia, the method of arranging sewage system, cesspool. Some 50,70 years ago, this method was not an alternative at all. But at the same time, people did not use such a large amount of water in private houses as today.

The cesspool is a well without a bottom. The walls of the cesspool can be made of brick, concrete rings, concrete or other material. The soil remains at the bottom. When the drains from the house gets into the pit, more or less clean water seeps into the soil, cleansing. Fecal masses and other solid organic waste settle at the bottom, accumulating. Over time, the well is filled with solid waste, then it must be cleaned.

Previously, the walls of the cesspool were not made waterproof, then when filling in the pit it was simply buried and pulled out a new one in another place.

I would immediately like to note that the sewage device in a private house using a cesspool is possible only if the average daily volume of drains is less than 1 m3. In this case, soil microorganisms that live in the soil and feed on organics manage to treat water that penetrates the soil through the bottom of the pit. If the volume of effluents is greater than this norm, the water does not undergo sufficient cleaning, penetrates the soil and pollutes groundwater. This is fraught with the fact that in a radius of 50 m wells and other sources of water can be infected. The addition of microorganisms to the cesspool slightly reduces the unpleasant odor emanating from it, and also accelerates the process of water purification. But, nevertheless, do not take risks.

Conclusion. A cesspool without a bottom can be built if the house is in a raids for 2 3 days a week and do not consume a lot of water. At the same time, the level of groundwater occurs below the bottom of the pit at least 1 m, otherwise the soil pollution and water source cannot be avoided. Despite the lowest cost of the arrangement, the cesspool is not popular in modern country houses and cottages.

Sealant capacity cumulative tank

A sealed container is installed on the site near the house, into which wastewater and waste from all over the house flow through the pipes. This container can be prepared, purchased in a store, and made of plastic, metal or other material. Or it can be mounted independently from concrete rings, a bottom of concrete, and a metal cover. The main condition for the installation of sewage in a private house of this type is complete tightness. The corrugated pipes of Pragma are suitable for sewage.

When the container is filled, it must be cleaned. To do this, an assignor machine is called, a call of which costs from 15 to 30 cu. The frequency of emptying the container, as well as the required volume, depends on the amount of drains. For example, if 4 people constantly live in the house, use a bathroom, shower, shell, toilet, washing machine, then the minimum volume of the storage tank should be 8 m3, it will have to be cleaned every 10 13 days.

Conclusion. A sealed cesspool one of the options, how can we carry out a sewer in a private house if the level of groundwater on the area is high. This will fully protect the soil and water sources from possible pollution. The disadvantage of such a sewage system is that you will often have to call the Assencing machine. To do this, from the very beginning it is necessary to correctly calculate the place of installation of the container in order to ensure a convenient entrance to it. The bottom of the pit or container should not be deeper than 3 m from the surface of the soil, otherwise the cleaning hose will not reach the bottom. The capacity cover must be insulated in order to protect the pipeline from freezing. For such a sewage in a private house, the cost depends on the material of the container. The cheapest option would be the purchase of a used European cubs, the most expensive concrete fill or brick. In addition, monthly cleaning costs.

Single -chamber septic tank Priest

A single -chamber septic tank did not go far from the cesspool, very often it is called that. It is a well, on the bottom of which the crushed stone is filled with a layer of at least 30 cm, and on top coarse sand with the same layer. Wastewater through the pipes fall into the well, where water, seeping through a layer of sand, gravel, and then the soil, is cleaned by 50 %. Sanding and crushed stone supplies improve the quality of water purification and partially feces, but do not solve the problem dramatically.

Conclusion. The sewage system in a private house using a single -chamber septic tank is impossible with constant residence and large volumes of effluents. Only for houses with temporary residence and low groundwater level. After some time, crushed stone and sand will need to be completely replaced, as they will be arranged.

Two-chamber septic tank overwhelming wells.

As one of the economical sewage options, which can be mounted independently, the arrangement of overflowing wells and filter wells is universal popularity.

This sewage system in a private house is two wells: one with a sealed bottom, the second without a bottom, but with powder, as in the previous method (crushed stone and sand). Wastewater from the house enter the first well, where solid organic waste and feces are lowered to the bottom, fatty floats to the surface, and more or less lightened water forms between them. At an altitude of about 2/3 of the first well, it connects to the second well of the overflow pipe located slightly under the slope so that the water can unhindemically drain there. Partially clarified water enters the second well, where seeping through the powder of crushed stone, sand and soil, it is cleared even more and leaves.

The first well is a sump, and the second filter well. Over time, the critical mass of feces accumulates in the first well, for the removal of which it is necessary to call the Assencing machine. This will have to be done about once every 4 6 months. To reduce the unpleasant odor, microorganisms that decompose feces are added to the first well.

Overflow sewage in a private house: photo - Example

A two -chamber septic tank can be made independently from concrete rings, concrete or brick, or you can purchase ready -made (plastic) from the manufacturer. In a finished two -chamber septic tank, additional cleaning will also occur using special microorganisms.

Conclusion. It is possible to install a sewer in a private house of two overflowing wells only if the groundwater level even in the flood is lower than 1 m from the bottom of the second well. Ideal conditions are sandy or sandy loam soil on the site. After 5 years, crushed stone and sand in the filter well will have to be replaced.

Septic tank with a filtering field biological and soil cleaning

We proceed to the description of more or less serious cleaning systems, allowing not to worry about environmental pollution.

This type of septic tank is one container, divided into 2 3 sections or several separate tanks-colleagues connected by pipes. Most often, having decided to equip precisely this type of sewage system, a factory manufacturing septic tank is acquired.

In the first container, wastewater is defended, as in the previous method (a bone-outlet). On the pipe, partially clarified water enters the second container or section, where anaerobic bacteria decompose organic residues. Even more lightened water enters the filtration fields.

Filtering fields are an area underground, where wastewater undergoes soil cleaning. Thanks to a large area (about 30 m2), the water is cleaned by 80%. The ideal case, if the soil is sandy or sandy loam, otherwise you will have to equip an artificial filtration field of crushed stone and sand. After passing the filtration fields, the water is assembled in pipelines and is assigned to drainage ditches or wells. On top of filtering fields, you can not plant trees or edible vegetables, it is only allowed to break the flowerbed.

Over time, the fields are overwhelmed, and they must be cleaned, or rather, replace crushed stone and sand. You can imagine how much the work will have to be completed, and what your site will turn into after that.

Conclusion. The laying of sewage in a private house, which involves the presence of a filtration field, is possible only if the groundwater level is below 2.5 3 m. Otherwise, this is a rather constructive solution, provided that there is sufficient free space. Also, do not forget that the distance from the filtration fields to water sources and residential buildings should be more than 30 m.

Septic tank with a biofilter of natural cleaning station

The deep cleaning station allows you to perform a full installation of sewage in a private house, even if the groundwater level is very high.

The septic tank is a container divided into 3 4 sections. It is better to purchase it from a trusted manufacturer, having previously consulted with professionals for the required volume and equipment. Of course, the price is not the lowest for such a sewage in a private house, it starts with 1200 cu

In the first chamber of the septic tank, water is defended, in the second decomposition of organics by anaerobic microorganisms, the third chamber serves to separate water, since in the fourth the decomposition of organic matter with aerobic bacteria is underway, which need a constant flow of air. To do this, a pipe is mounted above the camera, rising above the ground level by 50 cm. Aerobic bacteria are hooked on a filter installed on a pipe leading from the third section to the fourth. In fact, this is the filtration field only in miniature and concentrated. Due to the small area of \u200b\u200bwater advancement and a large concentration of microorganisms, thorough water purification of up to 90 95 %occurs. Such water can be safely used for the technical needs of watering the garden, washing the car and much more. For this, their fourth section is given a pipe leading either to a container for accumulating purified water, or into a drainage ditch or well, where it is simply absorbed into the ground.

Sewer in a private house Scheme of work:

Conclusion. A septic tank with a biofilter is a good solution for a private house with permanent residence. Microorganisms can be added to the septic tank by simply pouring them into the toilet. There are no restrictions for using such a treatment station. An indisputable plus is that it does not require an electricity. The only drawback of the sewage wiring in a private house requires constant residence, since bacteria die without constant wastewater. When the new strains are hooked, they begin active activity only after two weeks.

Septic tank with a forced air supply station of artificial cleaning

The accelerated cleaning station, where natural processes occur artificially. The construction of a sewage system in a private house using an air tank will require the supply of electricity to the septic tank to connect the pump pump and air distributor pumping.

A similar septic tank consists of three chambers or individual containers interconnected. The first camera enters water through the sewer pipes, where it is upset, and solid waste is precipitated. Partially clarified water from the first chamber is pumped into the second.

The second chamber actually is an air tank, here the water is mixed with active silt, which consists of microorganisms and plants. All microorganisms and bacteria of active silt of aerobic. It is for their full life that forcibly aeration is needed.

Water mixed with silt falls into the third chamber Slotnik for deeper cleaning. Then the silt is pumped back to the air tank with a special pump.

Forced air supply provides fairly quick wastewater treatment, which can then be used for technical needs.

Conclusion. Airotomers are expensive, but necessary in some cases, pleasure. The price starts with 3700 cu There are no restrictions on installing such a sewage system. Disadvantages are the need for electricity and permanent residence, otherwise the bacteria of active silt die.

Water supply and sewage of a private house General rules

Certain restrictions apply to the location of sewage facilities.

Septic tankshould be located:

• no closer than 5 m from the residential building;
• no closer than 20 50 m from the water source (well, well, reservoir);
• not closer than 10 m from the garden.

House should be at the distance:

• 8 m from filter wells;
• 25 m from the filter fields;
• 50 m from aeration treatment plants;
• 300 m from drain wells or stations.

Pipes leading to the septic tank must be insulated so that they do not freeze in winter. To do this, they are wrapped with heat -insulating material and inserted into asbestos -cement pipes. The external sewage wiring in a private house is carried out by pipes with a diameter of 100 110 mm, the slope should be 2 cm per 2 m, i.e. 2, in practice do a little more than 5 7 (with a margin). But you should not joke with this matter, since a greater slope will lead to the fact that the water will quickly go through the pipes, and the feces linger and clog them, and the smaller angle of inclination will not at all provide wastewater advance through the pipes. It is advisable to lay the pipes so that there are no turns and corners. For internal wiring of sewer pipes, 50 mm diameter is enough. If the house has more than one floor, and bathtubs, shells, and a toilet are also installed on the upper floors, then a riser with a diameter of 200 mm is used to describe wastewater.

If you decide that the sewage system of a private house with your own hands is on your shoulder, be sure to keep in mind all the restrictions on SanPin and SNiP relating to the location and design of the sewage system. In order not to spoil relations with neighbors, consider the location of their sources of water and other buildings.

It is extremely important to sewer a private house, do not try to do without it. The sewage system is not a system that suffers approximation. Contact the design bureau or architects, let professionals create a working project, taking into account all the features of the soil, site, climate and operating conditions. It is better if this project is completed with the project of the house itself before the start of its construction. This will greatly facilitate installation.

If you are interested in the question of how to make a sewer in a private house with a high level of groundwater, then based on all of the above, these can be the following options:

• A sealed container for waste accumulation.
• Septic tank with a biofilter.
• Cleaning Aeration Station (Aerota).

Direct work on the installation of the sewer system in a private house is not so complicated. It is necessary to dilute the pipes on the house that will collect drains from different sources, connect them to the collector and draw them through the foundation or under it on the ground to the septic tank. Earthwork can be performed independently, or you can hire an excavator. But to choose the right sewage system and draw up a project is much more important.

Sewer in a private house: video example