How to make a foundation in a swamp

In the process of erecting any building, first of all, the foundation should be laid. On soil with high density and low heaving, you can equip almost any foundation option. However, for soil with a marshy composition, certain options for the foundation are suitable, while the technology of their construction will differ from the standard. We will consider the features of the construction of the foundation in the swamp.

Table of contents:

1. What is the foundation in the swamp: varieties and technology
2. How to make a foundation in a swamp: the technology of erecting a slab foundation
3. How to build a foundation in a swamp: features of the construction of a pile foundation

What is the foundation in the swamp: varieties and technology

The foundation device on marshy ground will require more material and physical costs than the construction of a conventional foundation. In order for the foundation to serve as long as possible, it is necessary to take care not only about its insulation and waterproofing, but also about reinforcing and creating an effective drainage system.

There are three main options for the foundation:

• The foundation of the slab type;
• tape -type foundation;
• The foundation of the pile type.

Each of them is suitable for marshy soils, however, the technology of their construction differs from standards. The foundation in the swamp is better, we will talk about this further.

The most reliable basis for the home on marshy ground is the foundation of the slab type. This option of the foundation has the form of a monolithic slab reinforced with metal. The slab foundation is built both for large houses and garages, outbuildings or frame houses.

The main advantage of the slab foundation is high bearing abilities, which are not affected by the soil located under it. The slab foundation is also called floating, since even with small soil movements, such as shrinkage, it moves along with the soil, so there is no destructive effect on the building. With a technologically proper arrangement of this type of foundation, the house will be reliably protected from moisture, heat loss and other negative environmental factors.

Another advantage of the slab foundation is its ability to be not only the basis of the building, but also to play the role of gender on the ground floor of the house. There is no need for the construction of the screed, the floor is insulated and its finishing is performed.

Despite this, the slab foundation requires very large material investments for its construction, in comparison with other types of foundations, in order to build a slab, it will take 4-5 times more money and time to solidify concrete.

The thickness and size of the plate depends on the weight of the building, the number of floors in it, functional purpose, the material from which it is built, etc. All calculations are carried out individually.

The strip version of the foundation for the house in the swamp is the most common, however, it is rarely used on marshy soil. To lay this foundation, first of all, the depth at which underground waters lay. The thickness of the foundation should be more than this value. Therefore, this foundation should be chosen only if you plan to equip the basement or basement in the house.

However, the construction of the basement on soil with marshy characteristics can lead to flooding, even with carefully planned waterproofing. Therefore, the strip foundation is not the best option for such a soil.

In some cases, the foundation is erected, the thickness of which is higher than the level of freezing of groundwater. This option of the foundation is called shallow. It will take less money and time for its construction than for the foundation of deep laying. In order to build a fine -loaded foundation, it will be necessary to equip a foundation pit, provide its full waterproofing, install a sandy and gravel pillow at the bottom of the trench, which will remove moisture from the house. Due to insulation, the earth near the foundation will not freeze, and moisture will be removed through the sand. Among the advantages of the strip foundation in the swamp with your own hands, compared to the slab, we note:

• higher speed of work;
• lower cost;
• high level of reliability;
• Monolism and strength.

The construction of the foundation in the pile -type swamp differs in speed and low cost. This option is the simplest of the above, however, it is suitable only for low -rise construction.

In the standard version of the installation of piles, it is recommended to install them below the depth of freezing of the soil. For marshy areas, there are technological aspects, according to which the soil should be initially explored and then installed piles.

The upper part of the swampy soil is a peat or subsidence soil. First, determine the thickness of the peat layer at the place of installation of piles. Next, you should install them at the same distance from solid soil. Otherwise, the house is deformed due to high pressure on the piles and peat soil.

Installation of pile and column foundations is carried out exclusively on solid soil. The piles in length can be different, the main condition for their quality functioning is installation on solid ground.

In order to find a solid support for piles, the soil should be initially examined. It is best to entrust this process to specialists. If the house is made of wood, then it is enough to explore the soil to a depth of 5 meters. In the process of erecting a stone house, the soil is studied by 10-15 m deep into the swamps.

It is best if the soil assessment is carried out in the laboratory. In relation to the type of material used, when erecting a pile foundation, several of its varieties are distinguished:

1. The foundation device in a swamp from screw piles.

Screwing these elements is carried out by a mechanized technique or manual method. This foundation is mounted very quickly, literally for several hours. Two, three people will be required to perform installation work. Steam is installed both in summer and in winter. After installing the foundation, you do not need to wait for time to build a house.

2. Installation of poles.

For the manufacture of these elements, a drill is required. With it, it is necessary to equip elements in the form of holes, a certain size. On marshy soil, it recommends using specialized drill units, since in some cases the drilling depth reaches ten meters.

3. A columnar foundation from stuffed piles.

These elements are used in multi -storey construction. The principle of their construction is the installation of reinforced concrete pile into the inside of the previously done deepening. For the manufacture of such a foundation, the presence of specialized equipment is required. Therefore, the choice of this option of the foundation is inappropriate in the swamp.

How to make a foundation in a swamp: the technology of erecting a slab foundation

The simplest, but at the same time reliable foundation built in the swamp is its slab. Since the level of groundwater of such an area is at a high level, the plate will help protect the structure from moisture. The plate will also help to evenly distribute the load from the weight of the building. Due to its monolithic, the plate copes with the soil, swimming up and all kinds of negative consequences of too humid soil.

The base under the stove should be perfectly even, otherwise, it will begin to crawl to the bottom and the house will be deformed. In addition, the cost of working on the foundation is quite high, it will require a lot of concrete solution, reinforcement, specialized equipment, such as concrete vibrator, concrete mixer, etc.

After aligning the surface under the foundation, the process of laying pillows from sand from it follows. The layer thickness is about 20 cm. After laying every 3 cm, you should carefully compact the sand. The following waterproofing should be ensured, geotextiles will be required for this.

After that, a concrete pillow is arranged under the stove. To do this, pour about 10 cm of concrete solution. After solidifying concrete on its surface, roll waterproofing is laid. After that, you should begin the main process of filling the foundation in the swamp.

For this, concrete of at least 300 brands is used, in addition, reinforcement will be required. The minimum thickness of the base is 30 cm. To calculate this parameter, the size and number of storeys of the future structure should be taken into account, as well as the material from which it will be built.

If there are a large amount of peat on the surface of the swamp, the thickness of which exceeds 1 m, then you should take care of their removal. Otherwise, the house that is built of stone or brick can simply sag in a swamp. With a greater depth of peat on the surface of the swamp, you should take care of the additional strengthening of the foundation with the help of brownish piles.

How to build a foundation in a swamp: features of the construction of a pile foundation

Installation of a pile foundation in a swamp is possible in any case, even when erecting multi -storey buildings. The main condition for the qualitative functioning of such a foundation is the correct calculation of the number and depth of the piles.

Before putting the foundation in the swamp, you should study the soil under it. The installation of forgetful piles is carried out using specialized equipment and equipment. This equipment installs piles until they touch the solid soil breed under the swamp.

Installation of brownish piles requires the arrangement of a drainage system under them. A casing is installed in the soil, then the soil is extracted through the drilling through it. Inside the well, a reinforcing frame is installed, poured with a concrete solution.

In order to get rid of air bubbles in concrete solution, a concrete vibrator is used. After the concrete froze, the casing is removed. Please note that in the process of manufacturing this foundation, you should lower the piles to solid soil, which will easily remove moisture from it.

For the manufacture of the foundation in the swamp with your own hands, it will require specialized equipment. In addition, this method is relevant when massive multi -storey buildings are being built on the swamp.

The second version of the pile foundation is great for its own manufacture, as it is relevant in low -rise construction. Depending on the calculated project, piles are installed into the soil. On their surface using steel corners, a steel frame is welded. The following is the process of making lateral formwork. The following is the process of filling the usual strip foundation. If the house is built of wood, then the process of filling the tape foundation is replaced by the installation of a massive timber on which the entire building is held. This foundation version has the following advantages:

• The building is located above the soil, so it does not affect the house, the lower part of the building does not need additional waterproofing;
• Since there is a lumen in the lower part of the house, the building is constantly ventilated, while preventing mold or fungus;
• Before installing screw piles, you do not need to level the site under the house.

In addition, this foundation is easily installed, all work is quickly. At their expiration, the construction of the house immediately continues, without waiting for the shrinkage of the foundation. To build up piles, just weld them to each other. However, the quality of welding should be high.

The piles are quite light, simply transported, reliable and durable in operation. In order to extend the period of use of the pile foundation, steel piles should be treated using an anti -corrosion solution.

In the process of screwing the piles into the soil, it compacts it, thereby creating a strong base under it. However, such piles are installed only under small buildings. For multi -storey construction, they are not suitable. If we compare the pile foundation with the slab, the use of the first option in independent performance will cost cheaper both in material resources and faster in time.

The foundation in the swamp video: