Features of waterproofing of the walls of the foundation

To protect your house from the penetration of groundwater, damp, capillary water, moisture from oblique rain rain or melting snow, you need to think about the waterproofing of the foundation. Thanks to this, the building will be reliably protected from adverse effects, which will give a real opportunity to extend the life of a residential building and comfortable residence in it. In this article, we will talk about how to properly make the waterproofing of the walls of the foundation with our own hands.

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Features of the waterproofing of the foundation

Very often, the householders do not attach much importance to the foundation waterproofing. The result of this attitude may be premature destruction of the base due to the harmful effects of water. To prevent this, it is necessary to take care of the acquisition of high -quality waterproofing materials, as well as the choice of the right way to apply them to the walls of the foundation.

During waterproofing work, the main requirement is that the waterproofing layer over the entire surface of the foundation should be applied without damage and ruptures. Waterproofing is customary to apply on all sides, where the effect of moisture on the walls of the foundation and capillary sealing of moisture, and hydraulic pressure can manifest.

There are cases when the waterproofing of the foundation is not necessary to do. If a blind area is made correctly, and the largest level during the spring raising of groundwater will be at least one meter from the sole of the foundation, then you can not apply the waterproofing layer.

However, it is problematic to predict this water level, since the presence of drainage systems, the density of development in nearby areas, the arrangement of roads and artificial reservoirs in the nearby territory can affect this indicator. Therefore, to speak with a one hundred percent guarantee that you can not do waterproofing, of course, would be wrong.

If the distance from the lower base of the foundation to the maximum level (usually in spring) of groundwater is less than one meter, then it will be enough to make coating waterproofing, which will be effective from the capillary penetration of soil water, including when precipitation and melting snow.

If a house is being built on a clay or waterproof loamy soil with layers of water -permeable soil, then waterproofing work is also needed, even if the ground water level is below a meter from the base of the sole. The most interesting lies in the fact that superficial water that forms with the help of atmospheric precipitation has a great influence on such types of soils. The loamy or clay soils of water do not allow to leave the foundation freely from the foundation.

If, for example, the level of groundwater is higher than the level of the foundation of the foundation, drainage drainage is also done. But still, one waterproofing of the foundation will not save from the negative effects of water, especially in winter. The presence of groundwater is far reduced by the bearing capacity of the soil, which can cause deformation of the entire structure of the house and the shift of the foundation. To combat such a phenomenon, it is advisable, in addition to waterproofing between the wall and the foundation, to use drainage systems that remove water from the foundation.

When waterproofing the base of the house, the degree of aggressiveness of these groundwater is also of great importance, the meaning of which is useful to know before filling the foundation, because they are the cause of concrete corrosion and its destruction. Therefore, if there are aggressive groundwater on the site, then it is necessary to make waterproofing protection of the base of the house from materials resistant to aggressive environments, and the strip foundation is poured with concrete M400.

It is especially necessary to take this into account when in your area groundwater belongs to pressure waters. It is these waters that the foundation does the greatest harm due to the fact that they have high pressure and can even penetrate the upper layers of soil.

Types of waterproofing of the walls of the foundation

Previously, only one waterproofing was arranged: in the upper part of the basement, with the help of which the leaks process were cut into the walls of the water, but the moisturizing of the structure was not eliminated. As a result, moisture was accumulated in the capillaries of the foundation, which froze in the winter, which contributed to the rupture of such capillaries and the destruction of the structure of the structure. Today, two types of waterproofing of the foundation walls are used - vertical and horizontal.

Horizontal waterproofing is necessary to protect the walls of the base from natural processes, which include capillary absorption of liquids and atmospheric precipitation into the soil. Two such waterproofing are required: one is laid on top of the base plates, and the second directly under the basement.

If the basement is too low, the device will also be necessary and the third layer of waterproofing of the external walls. As a rule, the height of waterproofing should be at least 30 centimeters. But if it is planned to create a solid coating around the structure, then in this case the spraying area significantly increases, and therefore there should be a waterproofing height of at least 50 centimeters.

The vertical waterproofing of the foundation and walls of the basement protects the structure from the effects of soil water from the side. As a rule, they begin to install it from the very base of the foundation and end with the area where the rain spraying occurs. When installing vertical waterproofing, it is necessary that the owner makes an accurate calculation taking into account the water load in this particular place.

Features of waterproofing in one case or another will depend on the height of the insulated walls. In places in which the vertical waterproofing of the building jokes with horizontal, it is necessary to make a strong connection, as well as protection, reinforced from moisture penetration. Immediately before filling the foundation pit around the foundation, it is necessary to take constructive and technological measures that will not make it possible to damage or deform waterproofing.

To be more precise, you need to carefully choose the soil for backfill, make the correct calculation of the thickness of the soil filled, make screens to protect against waterproofing damage, where it is necessary, and also perform various other actions. Horizontal waterproofing should be firmly connected to the vertical waterproofing of the foundation and floor of the underground part of the structure or bottom plates.

Crystal waterproofing of the foundation

Crystal waterproofing of the walls of the foundation is used when it is necessary to protect the base from the capillary penetration of groundwater and the effects of surface waters. On the dry and even walls of the foundation apply a bitumen mastic in several layers. Between the layers, to increase strength, you can lay a reinforcing mesh made of fiberglass.

However, the coating waterproofing of the foundation walls has a slight durability (5-10 years) and low strength, and can also be easily damaged with the reverse filling of the trench from the garbage in it, the fragments of stones or bricks. Therefore, it is always necessary to equip protection against mechanical damage using roll geotextile or extruded polystyrene foam, a density of 150 grams per square meter.

If you fall asleep with sand without gross objects, then you can protect the coating of bitumen only at sharp corners and various sharp protrusions. It must be taken into account that coating waterproofing will not fully protect the base from the pressure of soil pressure waters. This means that before applying it, you need to make sure that on your site the pressure is not significantly or absent at all.

Bloody or roller waterproofing

A roll roofing material is the most common type of protective material for the foundation. But also at present, ultramodern roll materials are made and with great success, such as glassizol, hydrostecloizol, glass -fruited, technoelast. Such waterproofers, unlike roofing material, are based on special polymeric polyester material and have increased operational properties and resistance. Because of this, it is precisely these materials that they are more expensive.

The operational characteristics of gluing waterproofing based on polyester have great superiority before traditional bitumen materials. So, due to the high elasticity and excellent resistance to aggressive ground water, their service life can reach up to 85-100 years.

There is a vertical and horizontal glow waterproofing of the walls of the foundation. In the first case, waterproofing is laid both along the walls and from top to bottom. The canvases of the material in both cases are glued with an overlap of 150-200 millimeters to the surface, which is previously treated with a bitumen primer.

The gluing of the paintings is carried out by special adhesive mastics or the method of fusing using a gas burner. A little above the blind area should be the upper edge of the fused waterproofing layer. This type of waterproofing with independent construction of the foundation and house is most optimal in suburban areas, as it gives excellent protection against groundwater.

Penetrating waterproofing of the foundation

Penetrating substances are applied to the internal and outer surfaces of the foundation. This waterproofing is a special cement-quarry mixture with chemically active additives. The mixture, mixed with water, is applied with a layer of 1 to 3 millimeters on a wet concrete surface.

The very essence of the action of such penetrating waterproofing is understandable from its name: the liquid solution falls into the pores of concrete and with the help of chemical additives enters with calcium salts into a chemical reaction. As a result of this, a moisture -resistant and high -strength compound is formed, which clogs capillaries, microcracks, and voids in the walls of the foundation. The depth of penetration directly into the concrete itself is from 10 to 60 millimeters.

These mixtures have another important property except for the internal waterproofing effect - this is the formation of a strong moisture -resistant layer up to 3 millimeters thick, which reliably protects the surface from aggressive and pressure groundwater. Also, during the operation of the foundation, when in contact with moisture, a repeated waterproofing effect is observed when chemicals react with concrete again.

The scope is quite wide for penetrating waterproofing: from the foundation to tunnels and pools. Of course, the use of penetrating waterproofing for the walls of the foundation will be expensive, but you will get effective and durable protection of the foundation from water. In addition, it is possible to process the structure from the inside.

Screen waterproofing of the base of the house

We can say that modern screen waterproofing is an analogue of a long -forgotten way to protect the base of the house from groundwater, which used a clay lock, covered with brickwork. However, this method is quite costly and time -consuming, because to create a lock it is necessary to create a compacted layer from pure clay with a thickness of 50 to 100 centimeters. And the most interesting thing is that for its seal it takes several years!

To date, when it is necessary to make effective and persistent protection against pressure and aggressive high -pressure waters, special clay (bentonite) mats are used. The bentonite mat (15-20 centimeters) is laid on each other and attached to the walls of the base with dowels, as shown in the video about the waterproofing of the foundation.

Around them, a supporting wall with gaps is erected from concrete, which, when swelling of the mats, serves as an obstacle. The result is a shut -off castle, which does not allow water to penetrate the foundation of the building. Such a technique, like a clay castle, is poorly suitable for individual development and is usually used along with other types of waterproofing.

Thus, if you seriously approach the waterproofing of the house, it is necessary to isolate almost all parts of the house from moisture - the roof, the foundation, the outer walls, the lags and the floor on the ground, the window and doorways. The foundation suffers the most from the water. Therefore, before creating waterproofing the base of the house, think again what type of protection will be useful to you most, given the climatic conditions in the region and the level of groundwater.

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