How to choose and install fire doors

To date, all owners of premises, from residential to warehouse and office, are trying to protect them with the help of fire doors. They have long been among the obligatory means of protection and during their existence are constantly being improved and modernized.

1. Types of fire doors
2. How is the fire door arranged?
3. How to choose a fire door?
4. Installation of fire doors

Types of fire doors

Fire doors are several different types. They are classified as follows:

• Based on materials that were used in the manufacture, for example:
  • metal. These include doors made of aluminum and iron, as well as lined with roofing zinc. Not many are aware that the metal is also susceptible to combustion, so it must be carefully isolated with mineral wool. With special attention should be taken to the door frame, because in the event of a fire it depends on it how easily the door will open;

• fiberglass. The fiberglass itself is a fire -fighting material, which is additionally strengthened by a metal reinforcement and is covered with refractory dye. The inside of the glass -plastic doors is also isolated by special material. Such doors can restrain fire for an hour;
• wooden. There are various species of wood that have heat -resistant properties. But, despite natural qualities, such a tree is additionally impregnated with fire solution, and also covered with a dye that contributes to the strengthening of these properties.

• In the appearance of the boxes. Boxes of fire -fighting door structures are divided into three types:
  • the corner box is a simple and common design, which makes it possible to install doors in any opening. Platbands are mounted from the outside;
  • the inner box, it is also called the end. It is installed inside the opening without the use of the platbands, often to the already finished donkey or surface;

• covering box. It seems to cover the wall from any side and is usually used on beautiful and expensive doors. The platbands are installed both on the external and from the inner sides in order to hide irregularities or the remains of mounting foam under them.
• By shape and design:
  • deaf. Such doors can be made of any material, they have a continuous canvas, without gaps and glass inserts;
  • glazed. Doors with glass inserts are no less resistant to fire than doors without them. They use double -glazed windows with several cameras that fill with gel. Heated, it increases in volume and fills cracks and cracks;

• same -sex. This is the most common option for a door that has one sash;
• double -floral. The door consisting of two wings. They are produced with glass and deaf. In terms of appearance, such doors look better than same -sex, but when buying, they are in doubt for many, because the second sash usually closes on a sping and in case of fire can make it difficult to exit. You should not worry about this because Fire bickelfetal doors are equipped with a device that allows you to open the door with a slight pressure on it.

• By refractory qualities. The time during which the door can withstand before the influence of fire is at least 15 minutes, a maximum of 90 minutes. There are also doors whose resistance limit is 30, 45, 60 minutes. Fire doors are most often equipped with special gaskets, which expand when heated, obscure all the cracks, thereby not allowing smoke to penetrate the room. The door should also be equipped with a device that reacting to smoke and closing it automatically.

• By the method of manufacture. Fire doors are produced both manually and in automatic mode. The latter are considered better and more reliable, because Automation allows you to more accurately dock the structural elements.

How is the fire door arranged?

Often the fire that has arisen spreads either due to the fire of the door itself, or because of the cracks present between the door leaf and the box. Unlike ordinary doors, the design of firefighters has features that allow you to hold out for a long time before the onslaught of flame. They are as follows:

• the surface of the door is a sheet of metal, refractory plastic or wood;
• from the inside, the door is filled with non -combustible materials and anti -dummy gaskets, which were mentioned above;
• the structures that are most resistant to the effects of fire have a surface of metal, and the inside of stone wool. The entire perimeter is protected by an antodymal laying, which, in its appearance and consistency, resembles solid plasticine;

• the door is also equipped with thermal insulation material to minimize heating during a fire. Such a material is a plate of basalt fibers, on the length of which the resistance time of the fire will depend. The most reliable of such materials is silicon oxide, which is able to withstand a temperature of 1200, and even 1800 degrees for a short time.

Factories producing fire doors without fail testing their heat -resistant qualities. With the help of such experiments, manufacturers set the limit temperature, which the product can withstand without curvature. The time is also calculated, after which the design begins to let smoke and fire into the room.

During the fire, the usual room completely burns out in about a quarter of an hour. In this regard, you should choose a door that could withstand at least half an hour. It is good when it is equipped with a special system that allows you to open it with a key outside, and with a light pressing on the handle from the inside. This will make it possible to leave the room quickly if necessary.

How to choose a fire door?

When choosing firefighter doors, the price of which depends on the material, the manufacturer, the complexity of the installation and technical characteristics, you should pay attention to some points, starting from the type and purpose of a particular room:

• refractory qualities. As already mentioned above, the time of resistance to fire at different doors can be different. If you need to install the door in the inside of the room, then a model with a half -hour refractiveness is suitable for this. If the door is the entrance from the street, then it is better to choose fire resistance from 45 minutes. The higher the degree of resistance to fire, the more expensive the product;

• the thickness of the canvas and the appearance. Often, fire doors have a metal surface with powder spraying. But there are models from steel galvanizing, which are able to withstand large temperature jumps. The thickness of the fire door usually ranges from 1.5 to 6 mm. Standards existing in our country require that it is at least 2 mm;
• translucent. In other words, these are glazed by fire -resistant glass of the door. The larger the width of glass areas, the lower the fire -resistant qualities of the structure. Moreover, such doors are much more expensive than deaf;
• castle system. The locks should be equipped with an antipanic system that allows you to quickly leave the room in the event of a fire, as well as have all the necessary documents and certificates confirming the quality. This is a very crucial moment, because If during a fire a non -quality lock is jammed, then people may simply not be saved;

• the material of the wall into which the door will be mounted. The wall can be made of brick, reinforced concrete or other material, this also needs to be taken into account and accordingly choose a door frame of the corner, end or covering structure;
• manufacturer. To protect yourself as much as possible, you should choose products of only trusted and reliable firms. Such organizations that have been on the market for many years will not risk a reputation and sell defective and poor -quality products that can cause people to death. In addition, they have warranty obligations and have service centers. In the manufacture of doors, large companies use the work of highly qualified workers, as well as the best and most reliable materials.

Installation of fire doors

If you are lucky enough to buy fire doors in a serious organization, then all further delivery and installation work usually pass according to the following scenario:

• before inviting a commercial specialist from the selected organization, it is necessary, first of all, to sign a double-sided agreement on the provision of installation services. Having recorded the obligations of both sides on paper, the buyer and seller will receive confidence in compliance with his rights from a legal point of view. After this is done, agree on the arrival of a specialist to the installation site;
• first of all, you need to make all the necessary measurements. Typically, an employee of the company engaged in the sale and installation of doors is associated with the client and sends a commander specialist to him at the agreed time;

• the fire door is installed only in a properly prepared opening. If installation occurs in an office or restaurant, only specially trained people should be performed. Otherwise, the institution will not comply with the fire safety rules and will not receive a work permit;
• for installation of fire doors, there are strict rules that are recorded in the relevant documentation. The consequence of non -compliance with at least one of them can be a broken life;
• after the examination and measurement of the opening, the specialist will say his conclusion: perhaps he will have to make it wider or already. Next, the installation date is set. Typically, serious organizations offer the delivery of their products to the installation site. They bring it in factory packaging. Before signing documents on receipt, you should open it and make sure that the door does not have external damage, and also corresponds to the ordered model, color, etc.;

• installation of fire doors is carried out, as well as the installation of any other door structure. First of all, they dismantle the old door, then installed in the mounting opening for the box;
• fire metal doors are installed on peculiar metal blanks. To check how correctly and qualitatively the design is installed, you need to know a few simple rules:
  • the door leaf should not walk, but be installed tightly;
  • the gaps between the box and the opening should be disconnected;
  • castles, pen and other fittings should turn unhindered and easily, without requiring an excessive application of force;
  • the installation agreement should be signed only after a thorough verification of the work of the master.