Installation of a ramp. How to make a ramp

A ramp is called an inclined site, which is intended for the descent or lifting of small -sized wheeled vehicles (wheelchairs or children's strollers). As a rule, it is installed next to the stairs and is its alternative. Thanks to which a person with disabilities can overcome the rise or descent without outside help. The article will talk about the correct device of the ramp.

Content:

The ramps are installed on the porch of buildings of various purposes. That is, where it is necessary to connect two horizontal sites located at different heights and inclined paths are placed, with a flat surface. Most often, you can see a ramp in public organizations by hospitals, schools, kindergartens, shops and pharmacies, as well as at the entrance to the subway or underground crossings, in the entrances and private houses.

Pandus photo

There are several main types of ramps, which differ in appearance, and sometimes for its intended purpose.

Types of ramps

The design of the ramp and its device are different. Depending on where they are installed and for what they are intended, they are divided into 3 main varieties and several subspecies.

Stationary ramps

These are designs that do not have a removable mechanism and are designed for long -term operation. Such products are installed outside, for example, at the entrance to residential buildings, cinemas, hospitals, shops. The basic rule is that their design is laid even at the stage of designing buildings.
Outwardly, they are two stripes located parallel to each other at a certain angle of inclination, and equipped with handrails. They are monolithic or in the form of the letter P., as a rule, the staircase is duplicated, but in some cases they are installed on top of the steps. The height of the ramp depends on the total height of the rise.
Most often, these ramps are made of concrete, but sometimes metal and even wood are used.

Pandas are hinged

Outwardly, they are similar to stationary ramps and their purpose is almost identical. The main difference is that these designs have a folding mechanism. In the collected form, a staircase is released. They are used inside the entrances in multi -storey buildings, as well as in private buildings. That is, where the place is limited and the use of a stationary ramp is impossible, since it would be an obstacle to free movement of people.

The folding ramp has the appearance of rails or platforms. On the one hand, it is fixed to the wall or railing, which are located along the stairs, using special locking joints, or simple building loops and a jokhkold. The second side remains free and the design can drop and rise without a problem. To make a rise or descent along such a ramp, just open the castle mechanism and lay the platform on the stair march. When the need for them disappears, they also calmly return to their place, again fixed by the lock.

Removable ramps

Such ramps are also called portable. They are easily installed if necessary, and when they become irrelevant, they are also easily dismantled. Moreover, they take up little space and can be folding, which is convenient in cases of transportation. These are quite mobile and flexible designs. This is a great option for ramps for baby strollers and wheelchairs. For manufacture, light materials of steel or duralumin are used.

There are three main subspecies of removable ramps that differ in the type of device:

telescopic;
ramp;
roll.

Telescopic sliding ramps

They are able to part, thereby increasing their parameters in length. When the product is assembled, it does not take up a lot of space, it can be easily transported, and if necessary, it is extended, becoming 2 times longer, and in some cases more. The coating of such a ramp has an anti -slip surface to prevent the strollers backing back during lifting or too fast descent. It can be used to rise on the stairs, overcoming parapets or to move to vehicles.

Outwardly, it is two parallel ramps. In general, the term April is borrowed from military affairs, where this is the name of special devices that allow loading heavy equipment (cars and even tanks) for transportation in railway compositions. Models of sliding ramps today are the most diverse, the differences between them are the length of the guides and in their width. Also an important indicator is the carrying capacity of the product. The approximate possible punch load in the collected form is 400 kg.

Ramp for overcoming thresholds ramp

This product is characterized by small dimensions and is used in cases where you need to move in a wheelchair or transfer a baby stroller through the threshold in the house or border on the street, as well as through other small obstacles.
The word ramp can be translated as an inclined surface. That is, in principle, the ramp is a ramp, but in the Russian reality, this name is produced precisely by small platforms to overcome thresholds. The product is easy to install and disassemble. Such a ramp has a folding structure made of durable material (rubber or metal).

As a rule, ramps allow overcoming obstacles, the height of which varies from 3 to 15 cm. They are made in the form of a wedge, with a fixed height and width (the width of the ramp does not exceed the parameters of the doorway, that is, not more than 85 cm). When the borders or threshold have the form of a protrusion, it is necessary to install a ramp on both sides.
So that this procedure does not take too much time, manufacturers offer to use sliding structures consisting of two wedges and platforms. The platform (middle section) is installed on the threshold and covers it, and two wedge -shaped parts are used to describe and rise, on each side of the center. Of course, with the constant use of such a product, difficulties arise with the closure of the door. That is why two -section or three -section ramps are used only as necessary.

Roll Pandys

Modern development, a high -tech product, which consists of a large number of transverse sections connected by dividers. Sections can be removed, thereby adjusting the size of the ramp. In the collected form, such a product is a roll. That is, it can easily turn off and fit, for example, in the trunk of a car. The place of the Rollopandus occupies minimally, and is quite easy to operate.

Since the sections are removable, it is possible to adjust it to the dimensions of any staircase, it easily lengthens and shortens. The product has an increased carrying capacity, and for its manufacture, aviation aluminum is used with high strength.

The main type of ramps on the device two are rails and a platform.

Ramps with a rail structure

They are a product of two separate sections made, as a rule, of metal. Each rails have small sides, and are also covered with special anti -slip material. Such structures are considered the lightest and most mobile, but if the rise has a large steepness, then it is not recommended to rise in a wheelchair on it on its own.

Pandus Platform

Ethat inclined site, the width of which can be from 60 cm to 2.5 m. Such platforms can also be portable, while they are folded either in a horizontal or in an upright position. Most often, stainless steel or aluminum is used for manufacturing. The type of product as a ramp-book is also distinguished. That is, it has two sections that develop in half, like a book or suitcase. Such designs are easy to transfer, store, and also operate.

Technical characteristics of ramps

Since this type of structure is intended for the descent or lifting of people with limited motor abilities, the requirements for parameters are very high.

The most important characteristic is the angle of inclination of the ramp, or rather, the working surface, which is also called march. This parameter is measured as a percentage, and it represents the ratio of the total length of the horizontal plane and the height to which it is required to rise.

As a rule, the maximum value of the angle of inclination is 8%. At the same time, if the length of the ramp is not more than 20 cm, then it is allowed to increase the angle by about 2 % (that is, to make it equal to 10 %). If, with a large total length of the ramp, the angle of inclination of the site for descent/rise will exceed 10 %, then it will be simply impossible to rise to people in wheelchairs on their own.
The guide rail ramps should freely accommodate standard wheels of wheelchair or baby strollers. As a rule, platforms have greater carrying capacity and rigidity than rails. There is a certain set of requirements that is recorded in the official documentation (GOSTs, SNiPs, and so on).
Before lifting and after it, there must be a horizontal plane that would contain the dimensions of the chair or stroller.
When installing a ramp on the stairs with several spans, that is, in cases where the product consists of several parts, the presence of a flat plane between the parts is mandatory. This is necessary to provide the ability to deploy a stroller. The dimensions of such an intermediate site are width equal to the double width of the march, and the depth is from 1.5 m.
When placing a ramp for unilateral lifting/descent, it should be maintained by a width of 90 cm. If double -sided movement is required, then the width doubles, that is, this parameter should be at least 180 cm. In addition, it is important to consider during bilateral movement the fact that A person can last only on one side, and, therefore, the angle of inclination of the structure should be reduced to 6%. The best option will be the presence of an additional handrail in the center, or installing a ramp on both sides of the stairs.
It is important to install ramp fences with a height of its rise of more than 15 cm, as well as in cases where the march has a length of more than 1.5 m. The railing can have a dual -handed structure. The first handrail for the ramp is located at a height of 60 cm (if it is supposed to move children on wheelchairs, then 50 cm), and the height of the second is 80 cm.

If possible, the handrails should be located on both sides and be longer than the lifting march, at least 30 cm on each side, while it is important that they are continuous throughout. The diameter of the railing can vary from 3 to 5 cm.
The edge of the ramp must be equipped with a small side (height of at least 5 cm), which prevents the sloping of the wheels of transport.

These norms and rules are mandatory in execution, since their violation can lead to risk to life for people moving in strollers, as well as for others.

The ramps can be made not only in the factory, but also on their own. Metal, wood or concrete are used as materials. Products are necessary not only for a person in a wheelchair, but also to pedestrians with baby strollers, and sometimes people moving on rollers or bicycles. There are also special ramps for cars.

An example of a ramp

As a rule, such products consist of three main elements two horizontal sites (at the beginning and at the end), as well as an inclined surface (march). Very often, when designing, they forget that the sites during the descent and rise should freely accommodate the wheelchair, otherwise people with limited engine functions simply cannot use this product.
It is important that the ramps are located in those sections of pedestrian paths or floors in various institutions, where there is a height of 4 cm high. Of course, it will be best if the ramp is installed in places with drops from 1-1.5 cm, as is customary In world practice. But, unfortunately, this has not yet been officially accepted for us.

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