DIY basement construction

The construction of any building begins with the foundation. There are several of its varieties. However, if in the process of designing the house a basement is provided in it, you should dwell on certain types of foundation, which will provide reliability and strength not only to the building, but also to the basement. We will consider how to fill the foundation with the basement.

Table of contents:

1. Foundation with the basement: the main types of basement
2. Varieties of foundations for the basement
3. DIY basement construction
4. Construction of the foundation with the basement: technology for performing work
5. How to make a basement foundation: construction of a slab foundation

Foundation with the basement: the main types of basement

Before proceeding with the construction of the foundation and the construction of the house, you should choose a basement that is planned to be built in the house. Several varieties of basements are distinguished, we offer to familiarize themselves with them:

1. A room in the form of a cellar. This part of the house is designed to store food in it, such as fruits, vegetables. In order for the products to maintain their freshness, it is not required to organize a heating system in the cellar.

2. A room in which technical tools and equipment will be stored. In this case, the basement will become a place of storage of communication devices, in the form of boilers, refrigerators and even washing machines. In this case, it is possible to improve the attractiveness of the entire building.

3. As an additional residential floor. Quite often, the basement is used as an additional room, for example, for relaxation. It equip a pool or a billiard room in it. If you equip heating and good ventilation in the basement, it is quite possible to use it for this purpose.

4. As a workshop. If you are a creative person or are engaged in repairing equipment, then in the basement you can equip a workshop. The option of arranging materials for construction or repair in this room is possible.

5. Quite often, the basement is used as a garage. However, in this case, you should take care of the presence of a special entry into the basement. In addition, the garage area should place a car and tools necessary for its repair.

Therefore, even at the stage of designing the house, the main functional purpose of the garage should be provided in order to easily choose the most suitable type of foundation for its arrangement.

Varieties of foundations for the basement

The construction of the basement begins on the process of erecting the foundation of the house, therefore, before performing work, you must stock up on both material resources and the time necessary for construction work.

There are several options for the foundation suitable for building a house with a basement. We offer to familiarize themselves with them:

1. Column foundation. This foundation provides for fairly quick terms for its construction, but is characterized by the high cost of work. Since a special equipment will be required to install the pillars, depending on the material of their implementation. In addition, for the design of this foundation, the number of pillars should be correctly calculated that will retain the load from the whole house. This type of foundation is rarely used in the process of building houses with basements.

2. The foundation of the slab type. This foundation option has a wide scale of construction work. The principle of its construction is based on the installation of the plate as a basis for the foundation. In addition, this plate will also perform the floor function in the basement. There is the possibility of installing ready -made stoves from reinforced concrete or their independent filling directly on the spot. Among the disadvantages of the slab foundation, inconvenience with the arrangement of entering the building is noted, the need to install a rather complex staircase.

3. The most popular and strongest option is the foundation of the tape type. The construction of such a foundation allows you to get a reliable base, which evenly distributes the load from the building. Vertical sections of the foundation are used as walls in the basement. In addition, for the performance of work, a special technique is not always the need, you can dig a pit and manually.

The standard version of the strip foundation is a concrete tape, the width of which is about half a meter and depth, depends on the height of the walls in the basement. Among the advantages of using the strip foundation, we highlight:

• the optimal cost of the basement, which allows you to build a high -quality base for the home;
• The ease of work, for the construction of the foundation, it is not necessary to hire workforce or use specialized equipment, all work can be performed independently;
• High quality characteristics - the reliability of the strip base remains at a very high level, and the duration of its operation exceeds 50 years, with the correct calculation of the depth and width of the tape;
• The ease of work on waterproofing and insulation.

If we consider the shortcomings of the strip foundation, then you should first pay attention to the need for the exact planning of the base. If technological errors were made during the construction of the foundation, then in this case, its service life will be very low.

Therefore, when carrying out work on its arrangement, you should first study the type of soil, which is located on the site and determine its level of freezing. The use of poor -quality concrete also leads to cracking the base, as a result, moisture enters the foundation that destroys it from the inside.

4. The block version of the foundation. This foundation is a type of tape base. However, special reinforced blocks are used for its construction. Thus, it is possible to increase the speed of building a house. In addition, the blocks perform the function of the walls in the basement. To connect the block parts, a concrete solution is used, the amount of which should be minimal.

There is a risk of cracking such a base after the shrinkage of the building, since the blocks are interconnected quite loosely. Independent installation of blocks is impossible, for this you will need to hire specialized equipment. Therefore, we recommend that you dwell on a standard -type strip foundation, the filling of which is carried out directly at the construction site.

DIY basement construction

To complete the work, the availability of:

• concrete mixers;
• shovel;
• sand;
• cement;
• gravel;
• welding apparatus;
• reinforcing bars and wires;
• kelms;
• tanks with which concrete can be transferred;
• hacksaw;
• ax;
• saws.

This list provides the main tools and materials for the installation of the foundation with the basement. Some of the tools are individual for the construction of the foundation in a particular house and are selected on demand.

At the beginning of the work, actions are carried out on the calculation of the number of materials that will be required to build a sand pillow, the arrangement of the drainage system, if necessary and fill the foundation with the basement.

In the process of erecting the basement, its height should be determined, the depth of the strip foundation depends on this indicator. Keep in mind that the ceiling in the basement should be such that the average adult can move in it calmly in it. The optimal value of the basement is 220-240 cm.

The depth of the foundation is equipped depending on the height of the walls. However, it is not always possible to build a foundation with a depth of about two meters. Since sometimes it happens that the level of groundwater or freezing is about 150 cm. In this case, the base of the basement rises to this mark. Then, the level at which the second floor is located increases and there is a need to equip an additional staircase.

Therefore, the depth of groundwater laying should be clarified before the design of the house. Since the width of the foundation and the voltage that comes from the house depends on the heights of installation of the first floor.

When working for calculations by the number of materials used in the process, about 10-15% of the reserve should be added to each component.

Construction of the foundation with the basement: technology for performing work

The start of work on the tape foundation for the house with the basement is based on the marking. In this case, a rope and pegs will be required, installed at the corners of the foundation and at the intersection of the load -bearing walls of the house. Before installing them, the bases should be thoroughly cleaned and aligned.

Depending on the site plan, select the place where the house will be located and install pegs. Check, the evenness of the installation of the rope using the construction level. If asymmetry is determined in the process, the marking is performed again.

The following is the process of digging the pit. If possible, a mini-excavator is used. In this case, the speed of work is significantly accelerated.

After that, a sand pillow is equipped, the optimal thickness of which is 20 cm. At the same time, the sand should be carefully compacted, for this it is watered with water.

The next process involves the manufacture of formwork, which will allow you to form a flat foundation frame. For formwork, you can use wooden boards, plastic or metal. It is preferable to dwell on the first option. Keep in mind that the walls of the boards should differ smoothly, and before filling, they are wetted with water.

To strengthen the formwork boards, use additional bars, since it can collapse under the weight of concrete. This is followed by the installation of the reinforcing frame in the inside of the formwork. It will make the foundation of the foundation more durable and resistant to high load. The diameter of the reinforcement is determined by the depth with the foundation and load from the entire building. The reinforcement is covered with the reinforcement after its installation, it also performs the function of additional strengthening the base of the house.

Next, the prepared trench is poured with concrete solution, keep in mind that the work is carried out gradually. Each of the layers of concrete should be carefully compacted by special equipment. The surface of the foundation should differ in evenness. The formwork is removed only after a month from the filling process. In order to avoid cracking of concrete, in too hot weather, it is watered with water. The following is the process of building walls in the basement, their waterproofing and insulation. The belt foundation with the basement price depends on its size, as well as on the depth of the foundation.

How to make a basement foundation: construction of a slab foundation

Work on the construction of the foundation with a do -it -yourself basement begins with the digging of the pit. At the same time, the pit rings in the depths of not only the foundation, but also the basement. The minimum depth of the foundation pit is 200 cm. Further, the maximum alignment of the soil along the bottom of the foundation is follows. Keep in mind that if this is not done, then when shrinking the building, it will sit unevenly and there is a risk of distortion of the whole house.

The following is the process of arranging a sand pillow. It, on the one hand, is a depreciation link, which transfers the load from the building to the ground, and on the other hand, protects the base from moisture. The optimal height of the sand pillow is 20 cm. At the same time, after every two centimeters of sand filling, its thorough tamping is carried out.

To perform waterproofing the basement and the foundation itself, we recommend using roofing material. It is rolled up by stripes, while the overlap of each of the stripes is 10 cm. To process the locations of the material, use bitumen mastic. The extreme sections of the pit are also subject to waterproofing, the roofing material is installed here by at least 50 cm. Thus, the basement and the foundation are protected from moisture both from below and around the perimeter.

Tip: Keep in mind that the use of a roofing material, the basis of which is made of cardboard or paper, is unacceptable. Since this material is low to mechanical damage and breaks very quickly. As a result, moisture will still fall into the basement.

The most optimal option is the use of film roofing material, as it is able to withstand heavy loads due to the ability to stretch it. The following is the process of manufacturing a reinforcing frame. Please note that the minimum diameter of the reinforcement used in its arrangement is 0.6 cm. The size of the cells is 0.5x0.5 m. The reinforcement is released from the horizontal part of the reinforcement, which will connect the foundation to the walls. The height of the reinforcement is about 60 cm. The next stage of work on the foundation is based on pouring a concrete slab.

For work, use only high -quality concrete, preferably if it was made at the factory. If there is no possibility of buying factory concrete, then we recommend using a concrete mixer to prepare it. The optimal filling thickness is 30 cm.

Tip: for the manufacture of a stove, it is recommended to use reinforcement with a minimum length of 400 cm. Otherwise, the power of the foundation is significantly reduced.

After grasping the plate, a frame from the formwork is formed on it, inside which reinforcement is also placed and concrete walls of the basement are poured.

Although this method of building the foundation requires a large amount of material and time, its level of strength is at the highest level, and the duration of operation is more than 100 years.