How to make a formwork for the foundation

The house will stand for many years on any soil and will not break out, will not crumble, will not distort in the window frames and door jambs, if the foundation is carefully prepared. For the foundation of the house, formwork is required in which concrete will be flooded and hardened.

Traditionally, the formwork was made of boards, fastened with nails and wooden supports, adding a wire screed. The reinforcement was installed in this design, poured concrete, they were exposed, debugged in level and waited about a week. Further writing at home I sorted it out, the foundation was ready. You can now build walls on it. If the formwork is set exactly according to the calculations of the designer, the concrete froze strictly in terms of everywhere, then the house, wooden, brick, stone, will stand for more than a dozen years.

Content

1. History of creating formwork for the foundation
2. What is formwork. The main species
3. Materials and technologies for removable formwork
4. Materials and technologies for non -removable formwork

History of creating formwork for the foundation

The history of the invention of formwork begins with the invention of concrete. The liquid originally building material required a form for its application, but since the material is very dense, a huge pressure occurs when solidified (per 1 cubic meter up to 1.8 tons), therefore the shape should be durable. Here are the ancient Romans and thought about how to make a formwork right for the construction of buildings.

An impeccable smooth surface is the second condition of good formwork, because it is easier to finish the even surface further, and the errors in the size of the foundation can lead to the fact that the walls will be distorted, and the house will crack, and later simply fall apart. Therefore, the creation of formwork, although not very difficult, at first glance, work, must be approached carefully.

What is formwork. The main species

The formwork is called the shape for pouring building mixtures (most often concrete) intended for the foundation of the future house. This form, as a rule, is prepared in advance. She needs thick boards (if it is wooden formwork for the foundation) or metal shields, as well as fasteners: nails, bolts, screws, iron pins, strong wire in several threads, iron studs, etc.

There are two main types of formwork: removable and non -removable.

Ordinary dIY removable formwork Gathers before work, and later, when the base under the house hardens, signs. Most often she is made right at the construction site, but if you engage in the construction of houses professionally, installation of formwork It is customary to order from a specialist or buy at enterprises involved in the creation of shields for this type of work.

In the first case, boards or plywood, fasteners, two or three days of work are needed. Plus in cheapness and simplicity. The minus is at the risk of breaking the foundation, since the solidifying concrete can accumulate and there will no longer be a flat surface, you can’t build a wall on it. In addition, if the boards are on the inside construction formwork There were uneven ones, the foundation will require additional thorough decoration, and this is an extra expense of funds, materials and time.

In the second case, when the formwork is shield It is done at the enterprise, plus in a quick assembly, a perfectly flat surface, especially the inside of the formwork, a reliable factory mount. Minus in the high cost of production panels. If the house is being built only for yourself, it is not very profitable. It is better to take such a team of formwork somewhere for rent than to purchase your own.

Materials and technologies for removable formwork

The removable formwork consists of both wooden parts and metal. For a wooden shape, boards or plywood shields, bars and nails are required. Reliable board for formwork There should be coniferous or deciduous breed, but always at least 30 mm in thickness and about 150 in length. Wider can give cracks.

In order to correctly install a wooden formwork, it is necessary to strictly drive wooden bars into the ground by the project, on which the basis of the board or plywood will rely. It is necessary to fix the entire structure with nails, but be sure to simply bend from the inside to the external, where you can simply bend. Outwardly, the structure will not look very good, but the construction mixture frozen inside will turn out to be even and smooth. Every 40-80cm you need to fasten the boards or plywood with wire, pins for reliability, and after each meter to fix it with wooden supports.

Why formwork technology Includes such complex preparations? The fact is that concrete has a very great density. When hardening, the weight presses it on the walls of the formwork with great force, and the liquid state allows the construction solution to the construction solution into any gap.

Be sure to adjust the entire design by level, excluding any deviations. Only in this way, having completed all the work without gaps, you can pour concrete or other mixture into this prepared form.

Metal formwork It consists of even, smooth shields. Without much tension, builders fasten them with a metal fastener and bolts, planting on a special frame. After removing this formwork construction At home will go successfully, because the surface of the foundation is very flat, not requiring additional finishes and alignment. In addition, such a design practically excludes the possibility of concrete in places of fastening of the plates.

A wooden formwork is very convenient and economical, strengthened by metal ribs and the same racks. Inside, placed polyvinyl chloride film. Most often, this shield formwork is equipped at the factory with special locks, various stops, plugs. It can be used not only for the construction of a small house, but also in the construction of high -rise buildings. Similar formwork scheme Convenient: it is quickly mounted, transferred and can be used many times, not only for foundations, but also in the construction of walls, ceilings, even columns and complex architectural structures.

The formwork is necessarily installed on both sides of the foundation, and is regulated carefully everywhere. It is very important to align the upper part as a perfectly flat horizontal surface guarantees an equally perfect foundation. The wall on it will remain strong, without cracks and distortions forever.

It is necessary to design in advance in the common shell of the formwork of holes for pipes, hoods, etc. It is impossible to break through them later through a frozen screed, since the concrete can crack, and all the work will be in vain.

Materials and technologies for non -removable formwork

A fixed formwork is a finished form made at a factory that is not removed after the concrete hardened, since it is both formwork and insulation material for walls. How to set the formwork From polystyrene foam, it is not difficult to learn. She is assembled as a Lego children's designer, equipped with special locks.

In Europe and the United States, such construction is widespread, in our country it is still a new technology, which, however, is widely used.

The pluses are non -removable monolithic formwork Much more than minuses:

- standard dimensions, modules, panels, which helps easily calculate the total amount of the required material;

- the reliability of internal special screeds, despite the apparent ease of design;

- any form that allows you to implement the fantasies of architects;

- the speed of work, increased 5-10 times compared to traditional construction;

- a completely smooth surface allows you to save on finishing work (one layer of plaster is enough);

- excellent insulation material;

- environmentally friendly material, does not decompose under the influence of water, not attractive to mold, fungus and rodents;

The minus is the high cost of such a formwork that, however, it will pay off when warming the house. There is another minus that some scientists indicate. It is still impossible to check this, because such a construction has too short. It is assumed because it is foam of polystyrene foam, the allocation of phenols of substances harmful to humans. The inventors of the method guarantee security, indicating that the material is not chemical, but physical origin, therefore absolutely harmless. Over the border, pluses outweighed all the disadvantages, and a similar construction method has been working for more than forty years.

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