How to warm a private house correctly

The question of how to insulate a private house may arise in two cases: the first at the stage of designing a new house, the second when the already built house, which requires significant improvements, was bought to be comfortable for living. Within the framework of this article, we will tell you which thermal insulation material can be chosen for a particular structure, where to start insulation, how to insulate all the structural parts of the house.

1. Thermal insulation materials for a private house
   • Materials from inorganic raw materials
   • Materials from organic raw materials natural
2. How best to warm a private house outside
   • How to insulate the foundation of a private house
   • How to insulate the walls of a private house
3. How to insulate a private house from the inside
   • How to insulate the roof of a private house
   • How to insulate the attic of a private house
   • How to insulate a private house ceiling
   • How to insulate the floor in a private house
4. How to insulate a private house: video

Thermal insulation materials for a private house

The modern market is saturated with various thermal insulation materials. When choosing which material to insulate a private house with your own hands, pay attention to the following characteristics:

• Coefficient of thermal conductivity (In the future, simply, W/(MK)). The lower it is, the better. More precisely, the smaller layer of this insulation will have to be used.
• Water absorption coefficient (% by mass). Shows how much the material is capable of absorb moisture. Accordingly, the larger this indicator, the more likely it is that in some designs this insulation will lose its properties in a short time. The smaller this indicator, the better.
• Density (kg/m3). It shows a mass of insulation, this allows you to calculate how much it weights the structure and whether it can withstand this weight.
• Class in combustibility. There are classes from G1 to G4. For insulation of residential premises, it is better to use class G1 materials, they stop burning without an open fire source.
• Environmental friendliness. In fact, this parameter may not be important for some. But if you take care of your health and health of your family, you can try to choose the most natural material that does not emit any substances into the air and does not contain synthetic impurities or binders.
• Durability material.
• Vapor peripation.
• The complexity of installation.
• Sound insulating abilities.

Materials from inorganic raw materials

Mineral wool (\u003d 0.041 0.044 W/(MK)) is a fibrous material similar to cotton wool obtained from various rocks or toxins. In the form of release, it happens in rolls or plates. There are also products of various densities, from 20 kg/m3 to 200 kg/m3. This allows you to choose exactly the type of cotton wool that is necessary in a particular situation.

In addition, any cotton wool is well extinguishes air noise and has amazing soundproofing characteristics, in addition, vapor permeable (breathes). It does not burn, but rodents can start in it.

The main and main disadvantage of any cotton as insulation is that it is able to absorb up to 70 % moisture. And despite the fact that it has already absorbed 2 %, it loses 50 % of the insulating properties and will never dry out completely, using it for insulation of external structures: an unprotected facade or roof simply madness.

Foam polystyrene or styrofoam(\u003d 0.033 0.037 W/(MK)) a lot of plastic balls interconnected by a pressing or unreasonable way, inside which air is closed. To obtain such gas -filled plastic, hot molding is used. This material is produced only in plates, but there are various densities, from 11 to 35 kg/m3. Foam foam fragile material does not withstand large loads, burns, while releasing toxic gases, and also destroyed under the influence of sunlight.

Despite the fact that the foam is well-insulating, it gains little moisture, it also has a significant drawback: it does not breathe, which means that the house will have to mount a serious supply and exhaust ventilation system. Also, polystyrene foam is still gaining moisture with direct getting wet. In this case, it becomes absolutely unsuitable for further use.

Extruded polystyrene foam or Epps (\u003d 0.028 0.032 W/(MK)) closed polystyrene cells with air. This material practically does not absorb moisture at all and does not pass air. Available in plates convenient for installation. The main advantage of extruded polystyrene foam in relation to polystyrene is greater strength. However, he also does not breathe, burns and releases toxic gases.

Important! Manufacturers say that some brands of polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foams do not distinguish any substances, even during smell or burning, in practice this is not entirely true.

Here we examined the most popular materials, which are recommended primarily by all specialists in the insulation of private houses. If you are not satisfied with the prospect of living in a modern synthetic thermos, you can consider other materials below.

Warm plasters (\u003d 0.065 W/(MK)) are a mixture that includes small balls (1 2 mm) of foamed glass, a white sequence and various additives that increase adhesion, hydrophobizing, steam -forming and others. Balls made of foamed glass give mixtures increased thermal insulation properties.

Warm plasters breathe, do not pass moisture (serve as waterproofing), do not burn.

In fact, this material immediately serves as sound insulation, thermal insulation, waterproofing, while not afraid of sunlight, fire, moisture (does not pass), vapor permeable, amenable to repair.

Materials from organic raw materials natural

Cork insulation (\u003d 0.045 0.06 W/(MK)) are made of cork oak bark (array) or a secondly processed cork crumb. The principle of manufacture is as follows: the cork crushed to the state of the powder is processed under high pressure with hot steam, then pressed in forms using a binder of natural resin, after hardening it will only be cut into plates.

The cork breathes, i.e. It passes the air, mold and other mushrooms do not form on it, but it is ignited. True, during combustion does not emit any toxic substances.

Camping heaters can be covered with roofs, ceilings, external and internal walls and floors.

Ecowata or cellulose cotton wool (\u003d 0.032 0.038 W/(MK)) is made from the processed waste paper without adding synthetic binders, the only anti -rope is treated to reduce fire hazard.

Pulp heater is breathing, resistant to mold or other mushrooms, but they absorb moisture well, which means they require protection against water. The material in the form of cotton wool does not withstand mechanical loads, so it makes sense to use it to warm the attics. Also, hard heaters are made of paper, but already with the addition of binders.

Hemp (\u003d 0.04 0.05 W/(MK)) serves as a raw material for the production of many thermal insulation materials based on stump fibers. The form of release is different: mats, plates, rolls, separate fibers that can be used to seal the cracks. To reduce fire hazard, boron salts are added to the material. Despite the fact that the density of the material is 20 68 kg/m3, the hemp does not withstand pressure loads.

The hemp is breathing, not afraid of the fungus, used to warm the roofs, ceilings, facades and walls.

Straw (\u003d 0.038 0.072 W/(MK)) an excellent insulation that can be used to make light floors, walls and roofs. As a material, straw rye, wheat, barley, oats are used. It is pressed and tied with a net, wire or cords. The density of straw insulation is 90 125 kg/m3, they can be plastered on top.

The straw breathes, but it burns well. Therefore, sometimes it is treated with antipyrens.

Seaweed (\u003d 0.045 0.046 W/(MK)), before becoming a heat -insulating material, are dried, in the future, slab materials, bulk or lamps from seaweed are produced from them. Thanks to sea salt, algae are not afraid of fungi and other mold. Density 70 80 kg/m3.

Sea algae ramps do not burn, do not rot, they do not start mold and large living creatures (mice). Wooden beams, rafters or boards located under algae are always supported in a dry state, so they serve for a long time. Algae is used for insulation of roofs, floors and walls.

How best to warm a private house outside

We want to immediately clarify that it is best to do the insulation of a private house from top to bottom, i.e. Start from the roof, then the attic, walls, floor and foundation. But for convenience, we will divide all the work into external and internal. The insulation of the house outside is to warm the walls of the foundation and base, as well as the facade walls. Please note that the material and its required thickness should be calculated, for this you can contact the design bureau.

How to insulate the foundation of a private house

Significant heat losses occur through the foundation. This is due to the fact that the walls of the foundation are directly in contact with the soil and backfill, which freeze to a certain depth.

Due to the fact that the walls of the foundation are constantly in contact with water, hydrophobic materials must be selected for their insulation.

Suitable: extruded polystyrene foam (EPPS), foamed glass, adobe(clay with straw), red brick with sex (burnt, with air bubbles inside).

EPPS insulation or foamed glass must be fixed to the wall of the foundation using adhesive mastic. Be sure to freezing the soil. On top, these materials from the soil do not need to be protected in any way, and in the basement can be covered with plaster on the grid or performed cladding.

Saman natural heater and others are actually backfilling and attachments do not require.

How to insulate the walls of a private house

If you are interested in the answer to the question of how to properly insulate a private house, outside or inside, then you know, experts recommend warming the walls of a private house on outside, since internal insulation has a number of significant drawbacks. In the layer of the wall of the wall, the materials should be located in such a sequence that the vapor permeation resistance during movement of the pair to the outside decreases from the layer to the layer. Otherwise, water vapor accumulation will occur in the insulation.

The insulation of the walls of the house outside can be performed in various ways: a ventilated facade, well masonry, plaster on top of the insulation.

Ventilated hinged facade It is a design consisting of a frame, insulation and cladding. The supporting frame is attached to the wall with anchors, a heater (cotton or slab) is inserted into it, a cladding is attached on top of the frame, which performs decorative and protective (from weather factors) function. There is a 2 4 cm air gap between the insulation and the lining, it significantly increases the thermal insulation properties of the structure, and also serves in order to remove steam and excess moisture from the insulation.

For ventilated facades, it makes sense to use cotton heater: stone cotton wool, minvata, ecowata.

Polodeous masonry It is such a pie: brick walls, insulation, facing brick. Due to the fact that it is impossible to protect the insulation from moisture in such a design, you should choose one that does not absorb water: extruded polystyrene foam, vermiculite, keramzit and others. It largely depends on the facing material.

Wet facade It is performed by fixing the insulation to the wall of brick, concrete or blocks, and on top of the application of the primer and decorative layer of plaster on the reinforcing mesh.

For insulation for plaster, you can use materials whose density is above 30 kg/m3: any wool (mineral, ecowata), foam polystyrene (Styrofoam), extruded polystyrene foam (EPPS), straw, hemp, cork, seaweed. The thickness is calculated depending on the material of the walls and thickness, the climatic zone and other indicators.

The insulation to the wall must be either glued or fixed on the dowel. A reinforcing mesh is attached from above, and plaster work is carried out.

Warm plasters can be used as a heater and a decorative coating. They are applied directly to the wall without additional insulation. This is one of the most environmentally friendly methods of insulation is suitable for modern environmentally friendly housing with breathing walls. It can be plastered with facades, slopes, curved surfaces, basements and semi -basement, balconies.

How to insulate a private house from the inside

Internal insulation work consists in warming the roof, attic, floor and ceilings. As described above, it is not recommended to insulate the wall from the inside. In exceptional cases, after consulting a specialist, you can sheathe out from the inside of the wall with a traffic jam or other natural material.

How to insulate the roof of a private house

The insulation of the pitched roof is necessary if the attic insulation is not enough, or if the attic is operated. To do this, a crate is filled between the rafters, to which thermal insulation material is attached with a density of up to 50 kg/m3. Outside, from the roof side, the material must be protected from water from waterproof film. From the inside, from the side of the room, a vapor barrier membrane.

Important! The rafter structure in this type of insulation is a kind of cold bridge, since the thermal conductivity of the tree is still higher than the insulation. To eliminate this disadvantage, from the inside it is necessary to lay another layer of insulation in such a way as to close the rafters.

You can use cotton wool as a heater for the roof ( mineral wool, ecowata), extruded polystyrene foam, seaweed, reeds, hemp, straw, cork and other materials. When choosing the material, note that in the case of a leakage of cotton wool, it will turn into unnecessary trash. Protection of the insulation with films is necessary if the insulation layer is isolated from the room. If there is an attic with windows on the roof, steam protection is not needed.

How to insulate the attic of a private house

From a long time, only the attic was insulated in the houses, not the roof. And this is why: the roof was performed by gable with such an angle of inclination that the snow lay well on its surface, windows were equipped in the attic that could be opened and closed depending on the necessity, the floor of the attic was insulated. With the onset of frosts, the roof of the house covered a layer of snow of a natural insulation. If there was a temperature of -25 s outside, under the slope of the roof, i.e. In the attic, it ranged about 0 C. The insulation of the attic served in order to increase the temperature from 0 to 22 s in the living room.

If you bought an old house or build environmentally friendly housing made of natural materials, you can perform such insulation of the attic: smear all the ceiling cracks (from the attic) claySprinkle from above sand. If the clay is cracking for any reason, the sand will fall asleep cracks. Fuck with lime on top or sprinkle dry bent lime, add to this mixture wasmed carbide To protect against mice. Pour the bulk thermal insulation material on top of this: lamb from cereal crops, straw, sawdust, algae ramps, ecowata.

The modern way of insulation of the attic: lay a vapor barrier film on the floor of the attic, pour cotton material with a layer of about 200 mm on top.

How to insulate a private house ceiling

It makes no sense to insulate the ceiling, rather, the need to insulate the floor between floors or floor and attic may arise. How to insulate the floor of the attic (ceiling of the lower floor) is already described above.

It is necessary to insulate the floor between the floors only if there are different temperature conditions on the floors, i.e. The lower floor is heated, but there is no upper or vice versa.

In inter -story wooden floors, the insulation fits between the lags. Can be used cotton heaters with a density of up to 50 kg/m3, hemp, ecowata. In this case, it will also serve as sound insulation.

If the floor is arranged on the floor plate, then it is necessary to use dense heat -insulating materials with a density of more than 160 kg/m3. It can be dense cotton heaters, extruded polystyrene foam, cork.

How to insulate the floor in a private house

The floor insulation in a private house made on the ground must start with a spiver. If the house is old, you will have to remove the flooring, lags and make the excavation of the soil to the required depth.

Sprinking under a wooden floor along the ground It should be like that:

• Seal soil.
• 5 7 cm of river sand, carefully compacted.
• 10 12 cm crushed stone.
• Air space.
• Lags laid on the beams at home or supporting columns.
• Black floor or waterproof plywood nailed from the bottom of the lag.
• Polyethylene film for waterproofing.
• Insulation: vata, hemp, seaweed, straw, cork(bulk) or others.
• Black floor.
• Finishing gender.

For the installation of the concrete floor along the soil after a layer of crushed stone, it is necessary to perform the black screed of the floor, then lay the waterproofing, the insulation layer depends on the climatic features of the terrain, the material should be very dense (more than 160 kg/m3) to withstand the loads, the final screed is laid on the top of the insulation and the final screed and the final screed and the final screed and the final screed Finish coating.

As a heater for concrete floor on the ground can be used extruded polystyrene foam, foam polystyrene (Styrofoam), cork.

In conclusion, I would like to note that before insulation of a private house, contact the design organizations to obtain a recommendation and calculation of insulation for your region, taking into account the material and thickness of the walls of the house. Do not try to do everything yourself. It may turn out that all the work of the drain: the insulation will get wet from condensate, or the dew point will be in the wrong place.

How to insulate a private house: video