DIY foundation from blocks

Any person dreams of living in a private house with a personal plot, and very often, especially for men, they want to build a house with their own hands. Of course, the construction will take you a long amount of time, but in the end you will be proud of this perfection of the house of your dreams!

Many often ask the question: how to build a foundation from blocks, since they believe that this type of foundation is the most time -consuming. This article was written just for those who decided to step on this non -easy way, and build a foundation from blocks with their own hands.

Table of contents

1. Stage One: Preparatory work

• Thaw and rainwater
• The calculation of the foundation

2. Stage second: erecting the foundation for the foundation
3. The principle of laying the base
4. Stage third: wall laying
5. Another way to make a foundation from blocks
6. The disadvantages of the block foundation

Stage One: Preparatory work

So, during the construction of any building, after your project is ready, it is necessary to prepare the site for the construction of the foundation. Many people know that the foundation is the basis of the building on which the fortress and durability of the future structure will depend, so you need to seriously approach this stage. To do this, take into account the level of groundwater, the type of soil, as well as the depth of its freezing. In the depth of freezing, the soil is divided into: buried, not buried and uninhabited.

Thaw and rainwater

It is highly likely that you will need to carry out some work to prepare the soil, such as the removal of melt and rainwater. To do this, you will need to dig a well for collecting melt and rainwater. You need to choose a place for it at the lowest point of your site, and if it finds it in the wrong place (in the middle of the courtyard, in the garden, etc.), then you can remove the well to a more suitable place nearby. After that, you can start taking out the soil under the well. To achieve the greatest efficiency when using this structure, it is not necessary to make it deep, and 50 cm is enough. After digging up, it is necessary to cover it with a metal lid so that no one falls into it.

At the next stage, you need to bring pipes to the well, along which melt and rainwater will drain, and for this they must be laid under the slope to it. As a rule, they are buried in the ground, and then they put paving slabs or other coating chosen by you. But do not forget that sooner or later the pipe and the well will have to be cleaned from the collected garbage. The simplest is the method of cleaning with a hard cable, it is in service with any plumbing. This cable will help you under the condition of slight pollution (pipe pollution up to 50 cm), in the case of a strong blockage (pollution from 50cm), when drawing a pipe or other obstacles, you can not do without digging and cleaning the pipe. In order to clean the well, it is enough to make the hatch in the lid itself and clean it through it.

For the manufacture of a drain, you can use polymer pipes, or in a different polyethylene. But it cannot be said that they can be limited, in the modern market there are many different materials that can be used for these purposes. For example, cast -iron, metal -ceramic, reinforced concrete, fiberglass, asbestos and ceramic. When choosing a pipe, you need to be guided by some principles, such as - the amount of water collected, the strength of the flow, the features of the relief of the yard.

After the soil is completely ready, we proceed to the development of the trench, or the pit for the foundation.

The calculation of the foundation

In order not to fall apart your future design, it is necessary to conduct some calculations. For this, there is a special instruction in which all the nuances of this process are painted, it is called the foundations and foundations of structures. But in this article we will tell you in a simple, philistine language about all the actions that must be taken.

1. Geological intelligence of the site

This procedure is aimed at studying the soil on the site: compressibility, plasticity, water habits, loose and compressibility. The next step is to set the level of groundwater, the depth of freezing of the soil. Based on the data obtained, you can calculate the pushing ability and strength that is needed to resist it.

2. The weight of the future design

In order to determine what to make the future foundation from, it is necessary to calculate the load that will affect it when the building is built. Make calculations of the weight of all materials that will be used in construction: walls, roofs, decoration, etc. In addition to this, it is necessary to take into account the weight of furniture and household appliances that will be in your house, they will significantly weight the building.

Then you need to find out the deepening of the foundation in the ground, this can significantly affect its cost. This factor depends on the soil that we studied in the first paragraph. For some types of soils, you will need to delve into one meter, but if you have a clay site, then you will need to spend additional funds to fix the foundation with the ground.

Stage second: erecting the foundation for the foundation

After preparatory and excavation work is carried out, you can proceed to the next stage of construction. If you still planned to equip the basement or basement, you will first need to make the base of reinforced concrete or monolithic plates.

First you need to mark under the stove, using any perfect devices, whether it is a range finder, level, angler or in extreme cases, even a water level. At this stage, much attention should be paid to calculating the optimal distance of the stove from the ground, and to achieve its slope from the house.

It should also be borne in mind that the more you use the stone-sand mixture, the more crushed stone, gravel, chopped brick or large sand will be required. If the thickness of the plate you will have about 30 centimeters, then the pillow under it can be made the same height. A solution for a pillow is usually made of 1 part of crushed stone and 3 parts of sand.

The principle of laying the base

In order to make a concrete base correctly, it is necessary to fall asleep into the dug pits with a sand-gravel mixture, which then water with water. After that, using a vibrorstopovka, leve up and compact the first layer (about 5 cm). Then, wait until the first layer dries and lay the subsequent ones in turn to achieve the necessary height of the base for the blocks.

On carefully leveled and closed sand, it is necessary to install the formwork, which can be built in several ways:

- from special shields or boards of more than 20 mm;

- from non -removable formwork with insulation;

- from homemade plywood or in the form of special reusable formwork with mounts on triangular spacers or stakes.

Formwork mounts should be installed at a distance of 1 meter, and they are best fastened with self -tapping screws. The height of the formwork should be the height of the pillow and the plate itself. Then pour a small layer of concrete (3-4 cm), on which plate of polyethylene film is laid, and again go through vibro-traffic, for a more complete and thorough leveling of the stove. Three weeks later, when the concrete dries, you can remove the formwork and thermal insulation of the slab.

For the correct choice of the thickness of the foundation plate, you can be guided by the following classification depending on the future building: for a 2-storey building made of brick 40 cm, from a wood 20 cm, from foam concrete 30 cm, if you are building a garage or a bathhouse, then 10 cm is enough.

Now, after the work on the construction of a concrete pillow for blocks has been completed, we proceed directly to the final stage of erecting the foundation for the house from the blocks of walls.

Stage third: wall laying

The masonry of concrete blocks is carried out by analogy with brickwork and begins with the corners of the building. In the event that the building is planned to be massive, then it is necessary to strengthen the structure with a metal, reinforced mesh. In seismoactive areas, the foundation is also strengthened. In order to avoid in the future, during the operation of the building, cracks in the walls and curvature of the building itself, it is necessary to periodically use the building level.

Also, if desired, you can build walls from the blocks, having previously calculated their size, on the basis of the size of each individual block. The standard size of the concrete block is 194 x 397 x 194 mm. During the construction of concrete masonry, an important point is the correct mixture of the components of the construction solution. In our case, a solution of type M is usually used, which is specially recommended for the construction of underground structures and foundations. There may be several compositions of this solution:

- on one part of Portland cement and masonry cement type 2, as well as 6 parts of sand;

- 4 parts of the sand, 1 part Portland cement and part of the lime (bastard).

Also, for the convenience of masonry, you can purchase half -hearted blocks, the length of which is 194 mm. The thickness of the solution between the blocks should be about 95 mm, hence the size of the blocks under the foundation together with the seams will be 203 x 406 x 203 mm, this fact should also be taken into account when calculating materials.

If you have already faced the construction of brickwork, then the creation of block masonry will not be difficult for you. The main thing is not to forget how to use the level as often as possible and do not try to make many rows at a time, a few are enough per day. After the solution between the blocks hardens, it is imperative to lay it out to protect the masonry from rainwater.

Also, if desired, you can use not only the text instructions for the construction of the foundation from the blocks, but also the video instructions that allows you to carefully study some nuances when building the basis for the home.

Another way to make a foundation from blocks

There is another method for installing the foundation from blocks using dry masonry. This method consists in filling the voids between the lined blocks without a solution, liquid concrete. Dry masonry for an inexperienced builder is the easiest way to build a foundation from blocks and allows you to build very strong walls. Which you can, if you wish, lining with cement or ordinary plaster.

The disadvantages of the block foundation

Along with the positive properties of the block foundation, there are also negative points, which will now be discussed. The very first and obvious drawback is the high cost of blocks for the foundation. During the construction of multi -storey buildings (above nine floors), it is advisable to use reinforced concrete blocks. To build a low -rise, private house, the bearing capacity of these blocks will not be used completely, as a percentage, it will be about 10% of the total load on which they are designed.

It is worth noting that the foundation of reinforced concrete blocks is used only in the CIS countries, such a refusal can be explained only by the material costs that are necessary for the construction of the foundation walls. They, more than doubled, exceed the costs of building a monolithic foundation. Another disadvantage is that for the production of blocks and for the construction of the foundation from blocks under the house, you will need to attract a lot of people and a lot of specialized and expensive equipment. Therefore, the apparent reduction in labor costs is erroneous. Moreover, all processes, starting from production, ending with the installation of the foundation, are more labor -intensive than when erecting a monolithic foundation.

If we compare between the block and monolithic foundation, then the strip foundation erected from concrete blocks will significantly concede in strength to its opponent. This can be explained by the fact that not all separate blocks can withstand the same load, and this leads to deformation of the entire structure, which resulted in the destruction of the building. That is why, after a number of experiments, in fact, all countries of the world began to modernize technological processes aimed at reducing the cost of construction.

The construction of the foundation from blocks involves the use of concrete blocks, which are laid on each other and at the same time reinforced with steel wire. The base, made in this way, is not a cheap pleasure, but at the same time, the fastest and most reliable. The choice of blocks for the foundation is also a responsible moment, which should be approached with special attention. When creating a block foundation, several types of blocks are used: continuous with a neckline (FBV), hollow (FBP) and wall (FBS). The quality of the foundation is above all, therefore it will be more advisable to build a foundation from the blocks with your own hands, since the employees will get a tidy sum of employees, and besides, it is not a fact that an outsider will do it efficiently. Next, we will dwell on how to make the foundation from the blocks without resorting to the help of specialists.