What is a screw foundation. The main features of the screw foundation with your own hands: Building step by step

When compiling a project of future construction, it is very important to choose the right foundation for it. In today's article, we will talk about a screw foundation and its features. Having examined all the advantages and disadvantages of this basis, we can understand whether it is worth it, and when it needs to be used. Let's make a step -by -step instruction for the construction of a screw foundation with your own hands.

Table of contents:

1. The foundation on screw stilts with your own hands. Disadvantages and advantages of the structure
2. When a screw foundation is used
3. Features of a screw structure
4. The necessary version of the piles for installing with your own hands
5. Calculation and design of the structure with your own hands
6. The main stages of work on installing piles with your own hands

The foundation on screw stilts with your own hands. Disadvantages and advantages of the structure

A screw foundation is an optimal option for the basis for the soil of the heaving type. It is a prefabricated construction of screw piles that look like big screws. Due to their properties, such supports are resistant to freezing of the soil and can be located at various depths.

A screw pile is a device with a pointed end, and at the bottom of the pipe has a cutting element (blade). Due to this form, the supports are easily placed (screwed) into the soil with a different level of strength. Piles of this type are used both at a construction site of small and large -sized proportions. Screw piles differ in a number of advantages as:

• capable of resisting soils;
• I seal the soil;
• They are distinguished by a high indicator of stability.

Due to its design, if necessary, the screw piles can be increased (with a deep occurrence of solid types of soil) and twisted to a considerable depth. The upper part of these supports is rigidly fixed with reinforcement, metal beams. The table indicates the types of screw piles regarding their design features.

Screw supports can have a different coating that is resistant to corrosion. The most effective is the polymer coating, but it is very difficult to apply to the metal. Cold zing, coating based on polyurethane resins, hot zinc, epoxy, etc. are also distinguished.

Perennial practice has proved that 20 % of the budget for the construction of the house make up the cost of material and work with the foundation. To reduce costs, a spiral base will become a good alternative. This is one of the advantages of this type of foundation to a number of its advantages include:

• speed and simplicity of the mounting process;
• does not require the manufacture of the basement;
• There is no formwork assembly;
• additional insulation is not required;
• the ability to work at any time of the year;
• the presence of ventilation of the underground;
• the ability to dismantle any of the structural elements;
• Small construction sites do not require the use of special equipment;
• There are no temporary delays, since the construction of walls is possible immediately after the installation of the foundation.

A number of deficiencies in the screw foundation include:

• the impossibility of mounting on rocks;
• exposing corrosion structures;
• restriction in the load on the basis;
• With incorrect monge, screw piles can fall into the soil or vice versa be woven from the ground.

When a screw foundation is used

The spectrum of use of screw piles is quite wide. They are used to build foundations for temporary structures, cottages, baths, arbors, etc. In general, we can say that a screw foundation is an excellent choice for low -rise construction. Well mounted this type of support can withstand the total weight of the structure up to 50 tons. At the same time, a high -quality screw pile holds up to 9 tons.

A screw foundation will be an excellent alternative for buildings in forest areas, on coastal slopes, river berths, etc. The installation of such a base does not require an even relief, it can be created on almost all types of soil, in addition, it does not harm nature and complements any landscape well.

Experts note the use of screw piles in the construction of temporary buildings, since with the uselessness of this type of support, they are easily dismantled.

Features of a screw structure

Due to its design features, the pile-screw foundation gained wide popularity in construction work, namely in places with unpredictable climatic conditions, a high level of groundwater and non-standard relief. According to the constructive criterion, the screw piles are customary to be divided into broad -blade and narrow -lobed.

Wide -blade elements, in turn, are divided into single -blind and two -winged ones. The first type is a part, in the form of a steel pipe, which at the end has one single round of a screw blade. At the top of the design, special holes are made for fixing and using the drill. Single piles are most often used in the construction of fences and foundations for small commercial and private premises. The second type - the broad -blade two -booty piles have been used at a construction site of two -story houses, in places with problematic soil. The end of such structures consists of two turns expansion, due to which the support is more stable in the ground.

Narrowed constructions are multiply and tubular. The first option is a detail that has a sharp tip. Due to this, multiply piles are used in working with high density soil. The second option is used in the winter, to work with frozen soil. Additional fixation of such supports occurs due to special holes on the structure of the structure, into which the soil penetrates and makes the pile more stable.

The necessary version of the piles for installing with your own hands

When choosing piles for the construction of the foundation with your own hands, you need to take into account a number of nuances. Firstly, you should ask the manufacturer of the material, between domestic and import elements there are differences that may not be suitable for work in a particular area. Secondly, do not forget about the thickness of the walls of the piles. This is exactly the case when the thickness of the material provides long -term service for the structure. The third selection criterion can rightfully be called the main one, since it concerns the size of the piles. The construction market presents screw piles with a diameter of 57 mm to 219 mm. This choice is regulated by knowledge about the parameters and the bearing capacity of the future building. For medium dimensions of structures, it is better to purchase screw piles with a diameter of 108 mm.

Calculation and design of the structure with your own hands

For the construction of a screw foundation for a house, a geologist is considered to be a mandatory house that will make an examination of the soil on the site planned for the construction of the site. Only after clarifying such moments as:

• type of soil;
• climatic features;
• soil freezing level;
• ground water level;

You can fully create a project of the future structure. It is important to consult with professionals to immediately and calculate the estimated weight of the entire extension, under which a screw foundation is being prepared. When making preliminary calculations, do not miss the moment of the coefficient of additional loads from possible precipitation. According to the received numbers, the owner will be able to purchase for construction those piles that will be the most suitable for the project. In advance, you need to have a plan of the whole house, under which the foundation of screw piles will run up to plan all mounting parts.

The main stages of work on installing piles with your own hands

Installation of screw piles for the foundation, quite responsible, requiring compliance with the rules of the process. Before the main assembly of the design, the so -called preparatory work should be carried out: to collect all the necessary tools and additional materials. Their row includes:

• magnetic and water levels;
• large roulette;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine;
• scrap;
• metal pipes;
• pegs for marking the site and cord;
• set of electrodes;
• shovel;
• manual drill;
• The plan of the construction territory, drawings.

It is worth preparing paint for metal, special purpose in advance.

You can install screw piles in two ways: manual and using professional technology. If the manual method is selected, then for work you will need more than one pair of hands. It is also worth it to take care of the devices for the overturning of the supports.

Installation of a screw foundation takes place in several stages. Practice shows that three or four people, per day, can freely install 5-6 supports. Instructions for the installation of the base from screw piles look like this:

Stage 1. On the planned area with the help of pegs and cord, we break the territory for creating the foundation. Experienced craftsmen recommend dividing the place into the same rectangles, this will allow more accuracy, evenly distribute the piles around the perimeter, so that the load is equal to all supports.

Stage 2. At this stage, the installation of the pile begins. To do this, in a marked place, a shovel, the upper layer of the earth is removed. There is no need to make deep pits for supports, their main, constructive function, not to ruin the soil cover, but simply to deepen into it. Work on the installation of the first screw pile (like the rest) requires the use of water and magnetic levels. The first is used to detect the difference in the heights of the Earth, the second helps to determine the irregularities when the support is screwed. It should be understood that the strength and stability of the construction depend on the correct installation of the supports, so professionals give good advice to beginners in this matter, in turn to establish corner piles and only then work on the rest.

Stage 3. After installation, the piles are concreted. This is necessary both for additional fixation of the support in the soil, and to protect against rapid damage to metal corrosion. For a rallying solution, so that there are no bubbles with air in it, it is worth using vibration devices. Using a grinder, in level, the upper parts of the supports are cut. After that, the heads are attached to each of them with a welding machine, and you can proceed to the so -called strapping.

Stage 4. The binding of the foundation is made of a wooden beam called a grillage. It is best for this purpose to acquire material from conifers, as they are highly resistant to the decay process and have the property of natural antiseptic. For the strength of the design, the cross -section of a wooden help should be more than 15 cm*15 cm. When buying a beam for strapping, it is better to take its amount with a margin of about 10%. Also pay attention to the state of wooden material, the main thing is that it be completely dry and not saturated with moisture, otherwise the grillage from a poor -quality wood will quickly collapse. For the installation of a wooden strapping, threaded and universal (using clamps) methods are used, metal structures are collected using welding. At the stage of the binding assembly, such tools and additional materials will be required: anchor, level, roulette, roofing material, screws, metal corners, hammer, etc. Relax masters will better familiarize themselves with some advice of specialists, regarding the installation of the binding.

1. When choosing wooden material for strapping, pay attention to its width, which should be an order of magnitude wider than the pile of the foundation.
2. Carefully follow the mounting of the screws, it is important that it is located in the very center.
3. Do not forget about wood processing with special protective equipment.
4. Before starting installation, check the whole beam for integrity.
5. The mounting method using clamps is not suitable for screw structures in which the supports are installed in the form of an inverted letter P.
6. For reliability, a wooden beam is strengthened with roofing material and additionally treated with olifa.
7. Do not forget about the safety rules on the construction site, work in shape, dress building gloves.
8. To create a durable design, if finances allow, it is better to buy glued beam, which is famous for its thermal protection and hydrophobic properties.

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