Laying paving slabs 40x40 with your own hands: step -by -step instructions

In order for the sidewalk tiles to serve you for a long time and efficiently, you need to exactly observe the technology of its styling. Small errors during the installation of tiles, after a few years of its operation, can cause deformation of the coating. We will consider further about the technology of laying out paving slabs.

Paving slabs - features and characteristics of the material

Porcelain tile is gaining more and more popularity not only in public use, but also in a private household. With the help of this practical material, the decoration of streets, squares, parks, bridges, garden paths, areas located in front of the house is performed.

The principle of manufacturing paving slabs depends on its type. The vibro -pressed version of the tile is characterized by a dense structure and a rough surface. For the manufacture of such tiles, the presence of vibropress is necessary. Next to the vibration pressing mechanism is a matrix, inside which there are forms for the concrete composition. Most often, for the manufacture of tiles, a standard concrete solution is used with the addition of various additives that improve its quality. It is quite possible to make such tiles at home, in the presence of a home -made or purchased vibration press. Thus, the cost of material is reduced several times.

Tiles made by vibrating method implies the use of plastic compounds for its manufacture. Using these substances, it is possible to imitate a brick or wooden surface. The appearance of such a tile is more pleasant than the vibration pressed, it is quite popular in private house construction.

Porcelain tile most often has the shape of a parallelepiped. This is due to the fact that the thickness of the coating provides the strength of paving slabs. In relation to the method of manufacturing the material, they highlight:

The stabbed version of paving slabs is cheaper, but driving along such roads by road is almost impossible and inconvenient;
The sawn version of the tile - the material is characterized by even edges and in the process of laying forms an even coating.

Porcelain tile is an excellent paving material that has a lot of advantages, namely:

Resistance to the temperature difference and to frost - the average life of the material at 10 freezing cycle in one winter, is 45 years;
The absorption of moisture is ensured by the presence of gaps between the tiles, since the sand is located in them, the water gradually flows from the tile during the rain and does not linger on it;
high level of strength to compression, bend and abrasion;
A variety of shapes and sizes of tiles, as well as color solutions in which it is made.

In relation to the material from which the tile is made, it happens:

1. Concrete - the most popular option, for the manufacture of which a concrete solution and vibropress are used. The process of manufacturing the material is as follows:

Preparation of the solution;
pouring it into forms;
Drying in the thermal furnace;
Cutting elements.

This method allows you to obtain a different color and form material with high operational characteristics.

2. The clinker version of paving slabs is similar to bricks. For the manufacture of the material, a solution of clay is used, which is burned in special furnaces at high temperature. Such tiles have high strength, various shapes and colors.

3. The granite version of the paving stones is the most expensive and the strongest. For the manufacture of such tiles, natural stone is used.

Recommendations for choosing paving slabs

Before moving on to laying the material, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the tips for the choice of paving slabs. First of all, it is necessary to determine its purpose, since the thickness of the material on the ordinary garden path and on the automobile platform will be different.

Before buying the material, consider its surface. In the presence of small chips, pay attention to the porosity of the tile. High -quality material will not contain a large number of pores and small inclusions.

Tap one tile on the other, if the product is already dry, the sound will be loud and not stupid. Otherwise, the paving stones contain moisture, which will reduce its quality during operation.

Rub one tile about the other, if they quickly abrupt, then the manufacturer has overdo it with water and the operation of this material will be short. The presence of an excessive amount of dye in the paving slabs also negatively affects its quality. Therefore, give preference to less saturated and more natural colors.

Ask the seller for documents confirming the certification of products, since tiles are quite expensive and there is a high probability of running into a poor -quality manufacturer.

How to put paving slabs on the sand yourself

Before laying paving slabs, it is necessary to prepare tools for performing installation work in the form:

construction outlet;
rubber hammer;
the hose from which water is supplied, it is desirable that it has a cutter;
ropes, with the help of which the boundaries of the site are determined for laying paving slabs;
measuring level;
rake, shovels;
Venika;
peg under marking;
Equipment that allows you to perform high -quality sandy sand.

Before putting paving slabs on the sand yourself, you must prepare:

directly tiles;
high -quality cement version;
coarse -grained sand, in which there are no additional inclusions;
medium -fractional crushed stone;
glue for tiles in dry form;
geotextile materials;
channel;
water level;
brush;
border tile options;
Drainage pipes if the area is swampy or soil with a high clay content.

There are three methods for installing paving slabs:

on the sand base;
to the surface of crushed stone;
On the concrete base.

Initially, you should draw up a drawing of the site on which work is carried out. The flash of the tile installation scheme is also depicted in the drawing. Next, using pegs with a cord, make markings on the site. Go along the previously built path, check it for ease of use.

After that, you should start work on preparing the grounds for work. In order to prevent grass from germinating on it during the operation of the tiles, you need to get rid of the fertile soil layer, about 18-20 cm thick. Get rid of the root parts and vegetation seeds, as well as stones.

If there are too highly located on the groundwater area, the drainage system should be organized. For this, special pipes are installed to a depth of about 85 cm from the Earth.

After removing the fertile soil layer, it is necessary to level the site as accurately as possible. Next, its thorough tamping is carried out. If you do not have special equipment for performing the tamping, then use a regular block on which the handles are fixed.

After that, a pillow of sand and crushed stone is laid on the base. Next, the soil is watered with water, thoroughly compacted and aligned. On the perimeter of the site, install stones for arranging the curb. To fix them, a solution of sand and cement should be prepared. The thickness of the sand layer for laying paving slabs on the sand with your own hands is about 15-20 cm.

To align the pillow, use a tamping agent, as well as water from under the hose. Next, the process of laying paving slabs with your own hands begins. The interval between two tiles is a few centimeters. At the same time, the tile should form a flat surface. To get tiles, use a rubber hammer, while it should be located strictly horizontally. To check the evenness of the tile, use the construction level. Further laying of the tile is to install it in the same position as the previous one. To fill the gaps between the tiles, use sifted sand, and the brush will help to compact it inside the gaps. In order to wash off the remains of sand from the tile, pour it with water.

Keep in mind that the main rule of long -term operation of the material is that before laying the tile on the sand, the base is carefully leveled and compacted. Otherwise, the risk of subsidence of the site is possible.

Do -it -yourself stacking technology with your own hands on the base of crushed stone

The initial stage of surface preparation, the same as when installing tiles on a sand base. Initially, the site is freed from garbage, the upper layer of soil, plant roots, etc.

Next, the soil is aligned and its compact. Pour the area with gravel, a layer of a layer of fifteen centimeters, thoroughly smooth it.

After that, install the curbs using a solution of sand with cement. Next, prepare the composition of the sand with cement, in a ratio of one to three. Pour this composition on the base with a thickness of 10 cm. After laying paving slabs, align it with a rubber hammer. Pour the tiles after laying with water and wait a few days until it dries completely. Next, fill the seams between the sand tiles and compact it with the help of a brush. Wash off their tiles remains of sand with water. The operation of the tile begins after a few days after its laying.

DIY paving slabs on the base of their concrete

In order to lay the paving slabs thoroughly and for a long time, use a concrete solution to fix it. Preparation of the base is the same as in the previous two methods of installation of paving slabs.

After receiving an even base, it is necessary to pour crushed stone, the layer thickness of which is about 15 cm and trim it.

Further, according to the shape of the site, formwork is formed. For its manufacture, a wooden chopping board is most often used. To strengthen wooden sides, use pegs in the form of a back. They are formed with an interval of half a meter.

To carry out the installation of tiles, a concrete mixer will be required. With its help, prepare a solution of sand and cement in a ratio of one to three. Next, pour a small part of the base and mount the tile on it. The thickness of the layer is about 5 cm. At the same time, be sure to follow the slope of the surface on which the tile is laid. Since the concrete solution will not let water on the tile during the rain.

If there is too much area for laying the tiles, while it will have a car, you should take care of additional reinforcement of the site. Between the concrete half, small cracks are left, which will help to compensate for the expansion of the material during seasonal deformations.

To fill the joints, any solution with high elasticity is suitable. The slope of the site should be equipped from the center to the edges.

To fix curb stones, use the same solution that tiles fit. To further fill the seams between the tiles, also use sand. Keep in mind that the absence of the stove negatively affects the further operation of the tiles, since it is it that allows you to keep it in the right position. Periodically, during the operation of tiles, add sand into the seams.

By laying the tile, it should be taken into account the fact that its front surface should be at the same level with the ground. To check the tiles for evenness, use the water level. If you can’t align the tiles with a rubber hammer, then it should be lifted and re -lay down. To cut tiles, use a grinder and a special nozzle for cutting stone products. In the presence of a special and uneven relief on the site, it should initially align it with a concrete base, and then lay a sand pillow on it.

The sand, with the help of which the cracks are packed between the tiles, should be cleared of extraneous impurities in the form of plant seeds and their roots. To prevent the development of vegetation under the tile, a layer of geotextiles is laid before laying the sand layer.

If there is no road transport on the site, then it is enough to lay the tile on the sand, without the use of cement. If there is a high level of fusion on the soil area, the arrangement of sand pillow is mandatory. Lay the tile exclusively from yourself, without moving along the previously laid coating. Initially, install the whole tile, and then cut its pieces. In order to install the curb stone evenly, pull the cord at the place of its laying.

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