How to apply a phosphate primer with your own hands

According to statistics, not a single construction event is complete without the use of metal as one of the most common and reliable materials. The widespread demand for metal helps to expand the boundaries of its use, and today it is not only a demanded building material, but also an integral link in innovative technologies in the field of instrumentation, mechanical engineering and robotics. But, being one of the most reliable materials, the metal needs additional processing, which will protect it from corrosion, thereby extending its operational period. Thanks to the rapid development of the chemical industry, the modern construction market offers a wide selection of materials that reliably protect metal from corrosion. After applying to the metal surface, they form a thin protective film, which prevents the oxidation of the metal. They are effectively combined with other paints and varnishes, and some of them are used immediately before applying them. The most popular protective composition belonging to this group of substances is the phosphatizing primer for metal, the characteristics and techniques of which will be considered in this article.

Content

1. What is phosphate: basic concepts
2. Phosphate primer: characteristics of the material and scope of application
3. Advantages and special properties of phosphate primer
4. How to apply a phosphate primer?
   •   Preparation of the work surface
   •   Preparation and technique of applying phosphate primer
   •   The consumption of phosphate primer
5. The most popular brands and experience in their use
   • Phosphate primer Reflex
   • Phosphate primer Vika
   • Phosphate primer phosphogront

What is phosphate: basic concepts

In order to better understand the issues of applying a primer with your own hands, understand the principle and mechanism of its protective action, as well as the performance of the material that it acquires after priming, it is necessary to get acquainted with the chemical reactions underlying this process and the terminology that allows you to understand it from the inside .

So, before moving on to practice, we will get acquainted with theoretical foundations and consider the process from the point of view of chemistry.

Phosphate The chemical process consisting of consistent reactions that underlie the preparation of the base for the paintwork. Thanks to this processing, the strength of the metal will not only increase, but the quality of the paintwork will also increase, which will hide the existing surface defects. The basis of phosphate is the whole complex of preventive measures taken as part of the formation of the protective coating, which is formed due to the formation of a strong anti -corrosion film. It is a chemical compound of increased strength with all metal surfaces.

Phosphating is a technically complex process that is practically unrealized at home. In this regard, if it is necessary to protect the metal surfaces from corrosion, whether it is a primer with the hands of a home master or other metal products, they are primed using phosphate primer.

Phosphate primer: characteristics of the material and scope of application

The primer for the metal is a specialized composition designed to align and protect metal surfaces from corrosion. After applying it, a thin protective film is formed on the processed surface, characterized by resistance to moisture and temperature differences. One of the varieties of metal soils is phosphate primers. They are two -component compositions consisting of the base or the so -called semi -finished product and acid diluent.

The basis of the phosphate primer is represented by a suspension of pigments and fillers (most often it is tetraoxichromate and trioxichromate zinc) in a solution of polyvinylButiral and idytoral resin, acid solvent with an alcohol solution of orthophosphoric acid. After applying to the metal surface, phosphate primers actively enter into a chemical reaction with metal and, forming a layer of insoluble phosphates, provide a strong adhesion with a treated surface and contribute to the inhibition of propagate corrosion. Thanks to the indicated property, a two -component phosphate primer is used to protect the surfaces of magnesium, aluminum alloys, copper, as well as carbon and stainless steel, galvanized and cadmed materials.

Domestic industry produces two types of phosphate primers:

• the phosphate primer VL-02, made on the basis of polyvinylButiral;
• the phosphate primer VL-023, made on the basis of polyvinylButiral and idyton resin, increasing the stability of the primer.

The acid diluent, in turn, can be made on the basis of ethyl, butyl or isopropyl alcohols.

Important! The disadvantage of the phosphate primer is low compatibility with covering enamels, and therefore, the application of an additional primer layer compatible with all types of covered enamels is practiced on a layer of phosphate primer. Most often, a primer of the AK-070 brand is used. The resulting primer system is characterized not only by high adhesion to metal surfaces, but also by compatibility with all types of covered enamels. However, this primer system also has its drawbacks, namely, the increased soil consumption and labor costs associated with the application of an additional primer.

Important! The introduction of an acidic diluent into the working mixture is mandatory, since it contributes to the phosphate of the processed metal surface, which is spent on most of the phosphoric acid, which is part of the diluent, followed by the formation of chromic-phosphate complexes. It is they who contribute to the increase in the adhesive characteristics of the metal and the protective properties of the primer.

In anticorrosive properties, phosphate primers are inferior to passivating primerial compounds, and if increased requirements are imposed on the protective properties of metal coatings, experts recommend applying an additional layer of passivating primer. The phosphate primer in this case performs the function of the adhesive sublayer. The disadvantage of these two -component systems is a short period of time (about 8 hours), during which they retain their stability.

The use of innovative technologies in the production of paints and primed compositions allows you to make one -component phosphate primer, which include pigments that maintain stability in mixtures with an acid diluent. Such pigments are chromate strontium and yellow chromate of lead or, the so -called lead crown.

The shelf life of one -component primer does not exceed 6 months.

The manufacture of one -component primer is associated with certain difficulties in storing and transporting the features of their composition determine the need to pack them in acid -resistant container.

The scope of the phosphate primer includes several positions:

The phosphate primer is used to carry out prolonged protection against corrosion:

• Metal pipelines;
• Surfaces of building structures;
• Platforms and overpasses;
• Railway transport;
• Agricultural machinery;
• Bridges and hydraulic facilities;
• Angarov;
• Vehicles used in the field of construction;
• In addition, the phosphate primer is used to primer products before direct application of epoxy, alkyd, alkydineline, perchlorvinyl, polyurethane and acrylic enamels.

Important! Phosphate primer is not used to process cast -iron surfaces.

• And other metal products operated in aggressive climatic conditions and need additional anti -corrosion protection.

After applying to the metal surface, the phosphate primer enters into a chemical reaction with corrosion products, forming a strong layer of insoluble metal compounds and thereby increasing the adhesive characteristics of the metal surface to all coatings. Thanks to this, corrosion processes are significantly inhibited.

A phosphate primer with the same efficiency can be used for primary staining of surfaces, including for processing welds, as well as for applying to rust, densely sleeping with the surface. At the same time, the permissible thickness of corrosion products can reach 70 microns. In addition, phosphate primer can be used to process fiberglass and ceramic surfaces in order to increase the adhesive characteristics of the finish coating.

Advantages and special properties of phosphate primer

The advantage of phosphate primer is the provision of:

• Adhesive strength of the treated surface;
• Anti -corrosion stability;
• Chemical stability of the paintwork system;
• Moisture resistance.

The phosphate primer is characterized by:

• High hiding capacity;
• Easy to polish;
• Light overlap with any types of paintwork.

What else do you need to know about the properties of phosphate primer?

Given the low compatibility of the phosphate primer with some types of coatings, it is necessary to remember some important nuances of its use:

• When applying a phosphate primer on steel surfaces, it must be blocked by anti-corrosion primers GF-0119, PF-031 or EP-045;
• If you make a primer for the surface under epoxy enamel, it can not be covered with additional anti -corrosion compounds;
• In order to increase the anti-corrosion properties of phosphate primer, in particular VL-02, it is allowed to add 5-7 m. The aluminum powder per 100 m. Aluminum powder must be added after mixing the base and acid diluent, after which the mixture is brought to working viscosity.
• The phosphate primer of the VL-02 brand can be used for priming any metal surfaces, except for those made of aluminum and its alloys.

How to apply a phosphate primer?

Preparation of the work surface

Before proceeding to applying the primer, it is necessary to carefully prepare the working surface, it must be dry, cleaned of dirt and dust, carefully degreased. The method of cleaning the surface from oxidation products is determined by the degree of oxidation of the surface of ferrous metals.

Preparation and technique of applying phosphate primer

First of all, the working mixture is prepared. To do this, the base is mixed with the acid diluent, based on their ratio of 4: 1, and the resulting mixture is withstand for 30 minutes. To breed the vl-02 phosphate primer, RFG solvents, R-6, 648, xylol or toluene, preventing the mixing of these solvents, can be used as a diluent.

Important! If, when applying a primer with a brush, the viscosity of the working mixture should be 20-35 s along the viscometer, the diameter of the nozzle of which is 4 mm, then, applying a primer through airless and pneumatic spraying, it must be brought to viscosity of 16-20 s.

Application of the primer must be carried out at a temperature of -10 to +30 degrees.

The consumption of phosphate primer

Consider the consumption of the working mixture on the example of the phosphate primer VL-02, taking into account the optimal thickness of one layer of 8-10 microns.

Depending on the method of applying the primer, its consumption on one layer is:

• Pneumatic spraying 100-120 g/m2;
• Endless spraying 95-110 g/m2;
• Brush 80-95 g/m2.

If we talk about the duration of the primer before the subsequent application of the paintwork, then for the phosphate primer VL-02 the minimum permissible period is 30 minutes, but not more than 14 days.

Precautions that must be observed when working with phosphate primer:

• In the process of work with these mixtures, as well as after their implementation, it is necessary to carefully ventilate the room;
• The working mixture must be kept away from the fire;
• To protect the skin of the hands, it is necessary to work in rubber gloves.

Storage conditions for phosphate primer:

All primer components are stored at a temperature of -10 to +30 degrees, in a tightly closed container that allows you to protect the material from the destructive effects of sunlight and moisture.

Shelf life 12 months.

The most popular brands and experience in their use

Phosphate primer Reflex

First of all, let's talk about the phosphate primer of the reaflex. The experience of using this brand shows that we will talk about a highly effective tool for little money. The phosphate primer is used as the primary anti -corrosion coating applied directly to the metal. Like most phosphate primers, it is a two -component agent that includes the base of the yellow soil and acid hardener, which are supplied with a mass of 1: 1 mass ratio.

Despite the fact that the primer reaflex is a means related to a low price category (the price ranges from 500 rubles), it has high anti -corrosion properties that not every remedy can boast. The proof of this is the reviews of the masters who used this primer in practice.

Michael:I purchased a primer reflex price, although there were suspicions that for that kind of money the quality would not be the best. To experience the properties of the material in practice, I decided to conduct an experiment: I processed a piece of metal from the body with a primer and threw it into the street (as they say, he created extreme conditions). Over time, about the experiment, I forgot the metal for six months lying under the snow, rain, having experienced all climatic hardships. By accidentally finding this piece of metal in six months, I did not find any traces of corrosion on it, he retained his original appearance. I recommend an effective tool to everyone!

Phosphate primer Vika

The primer Vika phosphate the product of a domestic manufacturer popular on the market. Having studied the manufacturer’s catalogs, you can see that there are several varieties of the phosphate primer of this brand, and the most popular is the phosphate primer Vika Wash Primer, designed for anti -corrosion protection of metal. It is applied directly to aluminum and steel surfaces or on polyester putty of the corresponding manufacturer. The surface preparation is similar to the one that is carried out before using any other brands.

Sergey: Last year, I purchased a couple of cans of Vicki with an acid diluent of the same brand. It so happened that it was not possible to apply a primer and they safely forgot about it for six months, so much so that the expiration date has already come out. Well, I did not throw it away, I decided to try it anyway, and as soon as the time appeared, I conducted all the necessary operations. The result was delighted, the resulting coating corresponded to what was declared by the manufacturer. Try not to regret it!

Phosphate primer phosphogront

Another brand of phosphate soils of phosphogrogront in the domestic market. Under this brand, one-component phosphate soils are produced to protect metal from corrosion damage based on epoxy, acrylic, formaldehyde resins, as well as organic solvents and corrosion-resistant pigments. They are used for priming aluminum, titanium, steel surfaces operated in rigid conditions, for example, at a temperature of +130 degrees.

In addition to the brands considered in this article, you can find other, no less popular names that will not be inferior to the established compositions by their properties.