Device of a pile screw foundation

The construction of any building begins with the foundation. It is very important to choose the right type, since the estimate for this type of work can reach 30% of the cost of the entire object. In addition, everything is complicated by the fact that when operating, access to these structures is limited, and the survey or repair is becoming a fairly cost event. The article will talk about the device of a pile screw foundation.

Content:

Types of foundations

The most commonly used areas of three types:

tape;
slab;
pile.

Piles can significantly save in comparison with others and can perform their functions on soils with poor characteristics. They, in turn, are divided into:

buronabish, made of monolithic reinforced concrete directly on the construction site;
clogging, installed in the design position using a special installation;
rifle, metal piles immersed in soil by screwing.

Cutted piles a couple of decades ago were used quite often. If a construction was in the area of \u200b\u200ba kilometer, you could hear strong pops that arose during a heavy cargo strike against a pile. This method has limited use, for example, in conditions of tight development it cannot be used, since the work will have a destructive effect on neighboring buildings. For a small building, they are also not suitable.

For the construction of individual houses, it is rational to use brownish or screw piles. In the first case, it is necessary to install a reinforcing cage in the casing pipe and pour everything with concrete. The screw foundation is much easier to mount and in most cases is cheaper.

What are screw piles

This type is a long metal pipe with a screw at the end. The pipe has quite thick walls. The screw blades allow the foundation to scold into the ground and catch there. In this case, the screw prevents the output of the structure from the ground and preventing the displacement of the building.

When installing the pile, rotated with pressure. In this case, you can use special installations or physical force. The more often the blades are placed, the better the clutch with the soil.
The diameter of the pipes is usually in the range of 90-140 mm, the wall thickness is taken at least 4 mm. If there is a need to install products with a diameter of more than 140 mm, they must be made to order.

Types of screw piles

There are two varieties depending on the type of design:

cast tip;
welded tip.

Piles with a cast tip

Such piles are a whole design consisting of a pipe and a screw tip. They are made in special forms in standard sizes. They are more expensive, but due to the integrity of the design they have increased strength and a long service life. The cast design is completely made of steel, which provides the foundation with high reliability. This pilethly screw foundation receives only positive reviews.

Piles with a welded tip

This is a metal pipe, pointed from below. The blades are welded to the sharp end, which are made by metal cutting. The tip is treated with anti -corrosion compounds.

The diameter of the pipe used can be different. This method of manufacturing allows you to use products of a sufficiently large diameter. There are several types of blades:
- single blades;
- double blades.
The double screw allows you to prevent skew and ensure maximum reliability of the structure.

Scope of pile screw foundation

Foundations are chosen based on the geology of the site. Features of the soil that are forced to resort to the use of screw piles are as follows:

weak soils (bulk, marshy);
high level of groundwater;
swampiness of the territory;
location of the construction site in water;
a large degree of relief uneven.

In all these cases, the use of a concrete foundation is undesirable, since it will not be able to provide a reliable base for the home. In addition, serious waterproofing will be required to protect the material from moisture penetration, since concrete is still more porous material than steel.

Screw piles are an ideal solution for such types of construction as:

low -rise individual housing construction;

small buildings requiring short terms of construction;
strengthening of slopes and slopes;
supports for power lines;
supports for lampposts and advertising shields.

Products can be used in the construction of a private house from a beam, logs or frame housing construction.

The advantages and disadvantages of the pile of a screw foundation

Screw piles are now widely used in the construction of private houses, but before choosing a house on a pile, a screw foundation, it is necessary to study their positive and negative sides. The pluses include:

strength due to the use of steel as raw materials;
durability, the service life of this basis can reach 150 years, subject to manufacturing and installation technology;
low cost of the product itself and its installation;
simplicity and high installation speed;
the ability to use on the ground with complex relief, for example, on the slopes;
ensuring reliable work on bad soils, such as sedimentary rocks, marshy areas;
the possibility of re -use if necessary.

Simplicity and speed of installation are possible due to the fact that:

lack of preliminary development of soil (digging up trenches or pits);
there is no need for complex special equipment;

the simplicity of technology does not require special skills and knowledge;
unlike concrete foundations, it is not required to wait 4 weeks until the design is completely ready.

All these positive characteristics made it possible to get massive distribution to screw piles, but do not forget about the negative aspects. Especially if you can prevent their consequences in time.

Pile screw foundation video

Pile screw foundation disadvantages:

corrosion of metal;
limited bearing capacity;
the inability to install close to the walls of the existing structure;
inability to arrange a basement in the house.

Corrosion can be avoided by processing the material with special compounds. In individual construction, there are no large loads on the foundation, so the second point does not become significant. With an impressive list of advantages, not a small number of disadvantages, which are rather the features of operation and are quite preventive, the screw piles become an excellent option for a private house.

Calculations of the pile of a screw foundation

Basically, calculations are made to determine the diameter, length and step of piles. These values \u200b\u200baffect the type of soil and the weight of the structures of the future house.

The type of soil can be determined using geological studies. In individual construction, it is easier: a pit is dug, about 50 cm deep and the soil analysis is performed. If at this depth layers with sufficient strength have already begun, the length of the piles can be used about 2.5m.
If the site has lenses of poor soil, floating or to a layer of soil with good characteristics, it was not possible to reach, it is better to take the length with a margin to prevent possible problems. On a rather poor reason, the required length can reach 3-4 m.

For private construction, piles with a diameter of 108 mm are most often used. The calculation of the pile of piles depends on their required number. Here there is a need to collect loads from the house.
In order to calculate all loads, it is necessary to decide on the materials used, the dimensions of the building and the main sizes of the bearing elements. The load is calculated based on:
- floors along with the design of the floor;
- walls with decoration;
- partitions;
- roofs taking into account the roofing;
- snow cover, which depends on the area of \u200b\u200bconstruction;
- furniture and equipment, 150 kg per square meter of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe building is taken for residential buildings.
To find these values, it is necessary to calculate the planned volume and multiply it by the density of the materials used. To ensure the reserve, it is allowed not to subtract window and doorways from the volume of walls. The found value is multiplied by 20-30%, which will ensure a supply of reliability on the load.
Depending on the characteristics of the base, a screw pile with a diameter of 108 mm can withstand 4 to 9 tons. The number obtained in the collection of loads is divided into the value of the bearing capacity (if doubtful in the characteristics of the soil, it is better to take the minimum value) and find the required number of products for the foundation of the house. Further, this amount is evenly distributed around the perimeter of the building.

Technology of a pile screw foundation

Swiming piles can be carried out by special equipment or manually. Regardless of the selected method, the base is first made. Preparation work is held in the following order:

selection of the starting point;
removal of piles on the ground;
performing the marking with twine.

The work is carried out with special care, the dimensions should match up to a millimeter. Otherwise, there will be problems with the installation of grillage and a normal distribution of loads.

Screwing using special equipment

Such work is better to entrust professionals. The installation process is performed using a heavy truck equipped with a special installation. First, the technique is displayed to a given position and fixed by autogers, then check the accuracy of the location and proceed to the screwing process. The machine moves to the next position. The method allows you to perform work as soon as possible.

Sound manually

With the self -erection of the foundation, it is difficult to rent special equipment and master it, so the use of physical strength will be the most competent solution. Twisting piles with your own hands requires the presence of the following tools:

shovel for aligning the surface;
building level for compliance with the accuracy of work;
dragile roulette;
metal scrap with two pipes with a diameter of 50 mm as a zero lever;
a hammer or a small sledgehammer;
garden drill;
a grinder for cutting the upper part of the pile;
gloves and overalls.

A garden drill is used smaller diameter than the selected piles.

Stages of work

Drilling holes with smaller diameter than piles with a garden storm. The depth should be shorter than the length of the pile. The hole in this case serves the guide and ensures the accuracy of the installation. Screwing starts with the corners;
installation of piles in the hole, mounting levels to it and spreading of scrap, which will serve as a lever;
the screwing process is carried out under the constant control of the vertical. For this, the level was set. Several people put pressure on the levers, but uneven, so the pipe may evade the design situation;

as they deepen into the ground, pipe is put on the scrap, thereby increasing the lever shoulder, which allows you to make less effort;
after screwing in one corner, they pass to another;
having completed work at the corners and checking the accuracy of the installation, they begin to screw the intermediate pipes;
trimming of metal pipes to obtain one level;
the device for the cut of the grillage piles.

The grillage for this type of foundation depends on the material of the house and can be made of:

timber;
glued boards;
metal corner;
metal channel;
taurus beam;
the first row of wall fencing can become a breeze in a house or log house.

The arrangement of the grillage is necessary for the coordinated operation of individual piles. Thanks to the strapping, even if one of the pipes is out of order, the house will continue to stand firmly.

Useful tips for installing screw piles

The pile will not enter the soil strictly vertically, you will need to constantly level it and return it to the design position, so it is better that at least three people drive the work: two affect the lever and only check accuracy. In order to prevent shift, sometimes special devices are used to fix it.
If, as the pile screws on the path of the pile, an obstacle or layer of dense soil is found, the depth of the entry and location is analyzed. If it is located not at the corners of the house and it turned out to enter the soil for a meter or more, it is allowed to simply cut off the top and leave everything as it is. At a depth of less than a meter, there is the possibility of distortion of the house. At the corners of the piles should be set to the full length, since these are the most important areas.
The final stage of installation can be concreting. It will provide additional reliability, but this process is optional in the case of screw foundations.

The cost of a pile screw foundation

The total price of a pile screw foundation depends on the dimensions of the building. The most common piles of 108 diameters can be purchased at a price of 1900-3000 rubles. per set depending on the required length. The cost of installing such a pile is approximately 2000 rubles. When installing with your own hands, you need to add the price of tools to the total cost. It turns out that for screwing one pile you will have to pay from 1900 to 5000 rubles, depending on the installation method.
It is also necessary to take into account the cost of the grillage, if any. For example, you can bring the price for a turnkey on a house for a house with a dimensions of 6 by 6 m. With good soil characteristics, it will be less than 30,000 rubles. If the question is how much a screw foundation is worth, then for example, you can cite a building of 10 by 10 m, in which case it will be from 70,000 rubles, about the same will cost a 12 m pile field.

Rifle piles are an excellent solution for the construction of light private houses, they will allow you to get a reliable and strong foundation for a small building in the shortest possible time with short costs. The possibility of choosing a design and the installation method gives them another advantage over other types of foundations. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that such supports are not suitable for a brick or stone heavy house, since their bearing capacity is insufficient to withstand such loads.

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Device of a pile screw of a screw foundation