We strengthen the foundation of a wooden house. How to restore strip foundation

In recent years, wooden houses are increasingly popular, and this is not strange at all. Wood is an affordable material and has many advantages. But after some time of the operation of the house, there are problems with the destruction of the foundation, especially if it was initially incorrectly laid. In this case, it is necessary to carry out repair work. The process is quite laborious, but owning information about the proper strengthening or complete restoration of the foundation, you can do everything yourself.

Table of contents:

1. Signs of problems in the design and their causes
2. Types of deformations in the foundation
3. Strengthening the foundation of a wooden house
4. A complete replacement of the foundation
5. Restoration of the column foundation
6. DIY thermal insulation

Signs of problems in the design and their causes

Signs that the foundation needs to be repaired can be very diverse, but the most common are:

• construct skew;
• Settlement of the building is both partial and complete;
• the appearance of cracks on the walls;
• deformation of the building.

Unlike signs, the causes can only be:

• seasonal temperature changes;
• Putting the soil.

This process may occur due to adding the load on the foundation and at the same time on the soil located under it. For example, during construction near the house of other buildings on the ground, it begins to crush more weight, which leads to settlement of the house. Also, due to improper removal of meltwater, the soil can be blurred, which again serves as the cause of problems with the foundation.

• Scattering materials.

Very often the question arises why this is happening. The thing is how the foundation was originally laid. Most likely, the type of foundation, a brand of concrete, was simply misunderstood, the depth of freezing of the soil was incorrectly designed or errors in the device technology were made.

• Incorrect operation of the building.

Types of deformations in the foundation

Before starting repair work, it is necessary to find out to what extent the foundation is damaged. There are four types:

1. minor damage;

This type belongs to the exfoliation of the finish. Such malfunctions do not significantly affect the bearing capacity of the foundation, are easily noticeable and trouble -free in elimination.

2. The degree of average damage.

This type is characterized by the appearance of cracks and the settlement of the building. Here you need to be more accurate. First of all, determine the direction of the crack. Most often, if it is placed horizontally, the problem is eliminated quickly, but if it is in an upright position or has a zigzag shape, it is urgent to take measures. We find out the nature of the settlement of the foundation: temporary or progressive.

To determine the nature of the settlement, direction and speed of cracks, lighthouses are used. They must be installed on a crack. An ordinary paper can serve as a beacon (do not forget that if the paper soaks to get accurate data is impossible) or a gypsum patch. But the right option is putty. Apply a flat line with a spatula and put a mark. The slightest movement will break off such a lighthouse. This will make it possible to notice how much the crack has increased, and for what time it happened.

There are several important points in the installation of the lighthouse: its thickness (no more than 5 mm) and the humidity of the foundation (the surface should be exclusively dry).

The nature of the settlement can be determined by the movement of lighthouses. If they remain motionless temporary settlement, in other words, the soil under the foundation slightly moved and stopped. In this case, it is enough to eliminate cracks. To do this, we clean them of dust and small particles of concrete, process them with a primer, and lock the seam using a special mixture (ordinary cement mortar is also suitable). If it turned out that settlement is progressive, it is urgent to carry out full restoration.

3. Damage to catastrophic.

Such defects lead to the destruction of the building. To solve such a problem, there are two ways: strengthening or complete replacement of the foundation. What method does the owner decide what method.

4. Damage not to be eliminated

The foundation is so destroyed that it is not subject to restoration. It will already be cheaper to build a new house, with a good basis.

5. The restoration of the foundation

The most used foundation for wooden houses is strip, so we will consider all repair work on its example.

Strengthening the foundation of a wooden house

The intensification method is selected if the deformations can be eliminated, and the soil does not settle. The restoration of the strip foundation under a wooden house is also suitable when superstructures are planned to reduce the degree of load on the foundation.

Step -by -step instructions for strengthening the foundation:

1. We tear out the trench over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house, the width must be made, taking into account that the foundation will expand.

2. We clean the surface from the ground (for better cleaning, use the metal brush).

3. Sprinkle holes. In order to calculate their diameter, add one millimeter to the reinforcement diameter, in order to more tightly install metal rods.

4. We score the reinforcement to reliably connect the existing foundation with the new one.

5. We make a reinforced belt, welding the reinforcement in only one place to the pieces installed previously, a very dilapidated structure is obtained, so this must be done at several points. The basis of the strapping is carried out using a wire. This kind of fastener does not need special skills and tools, but thanks to him, the reinforcing belt will not begin to deform during the filling and solidification of concrete.

6. Install the formwork.

7. Pour concrete. After hardening it, we remove the formwork, and give the foundation a couple more days.

8. We make a blind area that allows you to remove water.

9. The last and very important stage is the waterproofing of the foundation of a wooden house.

Strengthening is necessary for the redistribution of the load on a large area for the size. Thus stopping subsidence or destruction.

A complete replacement of the foundation

In some cases, the foundation begins to sag to such an extent that water freely occurs inside the house. Then the only way out of the situation is the complete replacement of the base.

Step -by -step instructions for replacing the strip foundation:

1. We take out everything that is possible from the house, dismantle the floors and disassemble the stoves (if any) in order to maximize the constant and variable load on the foundation.

2. We calculate the weight of the building. You will need data on the density of the tree and its cubic meter (depending on the dimensions of the housing and the thickness of the walls).

3. Choose a jack for raising the room.

4. We pull the pit around the perimeter of the building to simplify access to the foundation. Also, when water appears in the trench, the level of groundwater is determined.

5. We install the jack, this must be done exclusively to places where there are no destruction.

6. With caution and low speed (evenly), raise the house.

7. We dismantle the old foundation (for savings can only be removed in places with damage).

8. Install a sand-cement pillow.

9. Install a support of concrete or brick in the corners of the housing, they reduce the load on the foundation.

10. Install the reinforcing belt (the technology is the same as with strengthening).

11. Install the formwork.

12. Pour concrete, after 2-3 days we can remove the formwork, but the foundation should be infused for another two days.

13. Install the waterproofing layer (roofing material is also suitable).

14. We lower the house. We also do neatly and gradually, as they raised.

15. The final step is finishing: cladding and drainage.

Useful tips for replacing the foundation:

• If you own the oversized and having a little weight with a wooden house, it is possible to raise it by means of VAG. Get out the beam of about 75x75 under the corner of the house, rest it on a log and pushing the house (as with the help of a large lever).
• Be sure to dismantle the old foundation to the ground.
• To secure in case of incorrect installation of the jack (or if it does not cope with the load), get the wedges from wood with a pitch of 17-22 mm between the building itself and the foundation pillow.
• Trench breaks out no more than 2 m.
• It is necessary to raise the entire building in order to bring the foundation for it. When considering that housing was erected from wood, it is necessary to tighten the lower crowns with hoops of steel or simply fill the boards so that they do not sag (when lifting the house on the lower crowns, the entire load falls).

Since this whole process is quite large and time -consuming, we recommend that you see how to replace the foundation of a wooden house with a video that is at the end of the article.

Restoration of the column foundation

In addition to the strip foundation, a columnar foundation is very popular. Consider what is necessary for the repair of this type:

1. Raise the building to previously calculated height.

2. We dismantle the pillars that leaned.

3. We remove the land in places where the pillars will be installed (in the corners).

4. Eliminate the sand-cement pillow.

5. We reinforce the pillar.

6. Pour concrete.

7. We perform the installation of steel beams (they will take the entire load).

8. We lower the building.

In the case when you need to replace only 1-2 poles as follows: in places where the replaced pillars are located, we make a dig at 35. Next, install the pipe there and pour cement mortar there. After everything is frozen, we remove the unsuitable pillar, and we align the new one. After 2 days, you can start using the house.

Restoration or complete replacement of the column foundation occurs much easier and faster than that of the strip.

DIY thermal insulation

To avoid repair work, it is necessary to prevent possible problems with the foundation. The best prevention in this case will be its insulation. There are two types: external and internal. The second option is used only in cases where external thermal insulation is not effective enough. But this is extremely rare.

Thermal insulation outside:

Options for insulation for the foundation can be very diverse. Their choice depends solely on the wishes of the owner. Consider the most popular among them:

• Foam polystyrene.

Polistyle foam for thermal insulation of the foundation of a wooden house is used a long time ago. Its advantage in very simple insulation technology. First of all, you need to dig a trench, dry the walls and clean them of dirt. In the event that groundwater is located through the chur, we make drainage closely (river sand and geotextiles are laid at the bottom. It is covered with a layer of gravel on which perforated pipes with a diameter of 9 cm are laid. They must be brought into a well made near housing. The pipes are poured with gravel , then wrap it in geotextiles, and fall asleep with river sand). Next, we primer the walls of the basement and cover with self -adhesive waterproofing. In places of joints, we glue with a sealant. Using special glue, we fasten the sheets of polystyrene foam (each next glue with an overlap on the previous one). After the laying is completed, we darken the cracks and put down. It is worth noting that extruded polystyrene foam is used in these works.

• Foam.

The foam for thermal insulation of the foundation is very popular. Everything is due to the fact that this material has high water -repellent. Also, inside the foam is filled with air, which provides better insulation. The material is produced by various thicknesses, which is also a plus. The technology of insulation with a foam complex is exactly like polystyrene foam.

• Mineral wool.

Mineral wool for insulation of a wooden house is used only in the form of additional, since it has the worst of those. characteristics among other materials.

If you decide to use exclusively this material, it will be necessary to perform a frame from a metal profile, put cotton on it and fix it. On top of it, you need to install a vapor -permeable windhole -protective film and build a brick wall, for additional protection against moisture.

After reading this article, even the most inexperienced person in the field of construction, will be able to independently repair (or replace) the foundation of his house. But most importantly, remember that preventive repair work is much easier to do than eliminate damage that has appeared.